Social Injustice in the Dutch East Indies: Analyzing Class and Discrimination in Bumi Manusia

Abstract

This study examines social class discrimination as depicted in the Indonesian film Bumi Manusia (2019), directed by Hanung Bramantyo. Adapted from Pramoedya Ananta Toer's novel, the narrative unfolds in the Dutch East Indies during the late 19th century and portrays the complexities of colonial society. Utilizing qualitative methods, the research analyzes dialogues and scenes involving Minke, a young Javanese student, and other characters to reveal instances of discrimination and stratification. The findings highlight the pervasive inequalities of colonial society, from derogatory terms to systemic injustice rooted in racial and social hierarchies. Through Allport's theory of discrimination and Theodorson's social class framework, the study underscores the deep-seated biases and prejudices of the era, which continue to resonate in contemporary society. By engaging with these themes, the film prompts critical reflections on social injustice, urging viewers to address such inequities in both historical and modern contexts.