Legal Validity of Digital Informed Consent in Indonesian Telemedicine: A Doctrinal and Regulatory Analysis under Law Number 17 Year 2023 Concerning Health
Keywords:
Digital informed consent, Telemedicine law, Law Number 17 Year 2023 Concerning Health, Electronic authentication, Legal certainty, Digital health governanceAbstract
This research explores how informed consent in digital form is legally recognized within telemedicine, an area that has expanded rapidly under the framework of Indonesia’s Health Law (Law Number 17 of 2023 on Health). The study focuses on the ongoing uncertainty surrounding the legitimacy of electronic consent especially how a patient’s approval is authenticated, recorded, and later proven when disputes arise. Using a normative juridical approach, the analysis reviews the interaction between health regulations, electronic transaction laws, and rules on digital signatures to understand whether current standards are sufficient for medical decision-making conducted online. The results indicate that although the law obliges telemedicine providers to obtain informed consent, it stops short of defining clear benchmarks for identity verification, reliability of digital logs, or the evidentiary weight of simple click-based agreements. These gaps leave open questions about whether digital consent truly meets the requirements of a valid legal agreement in healthcare. The study concludes that Indonesia needs a more coherent and detailed regulatory structure to strengthen legal certainty, protect patient rights, and support the accountability of telemedicine practices
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