International Conference on The State, Law, Politics & Democracy (ICon-SLPD)
The International Conference on State, Law, Politics & Democracy (ICON SLPD) is an international proceeding organized once a year by the law faculty of a pamulang university, it is a forum for academics, researchers, and practitioners from various countries related to state, law, politics, and democracy. ICON SLPD aims to create productive discussions among various relevant parties in the fields of the study and practice of law, politics, and the theory and application of democracy. This dissemination article is expected to impact the novelty of ideas and innovations and answer the challenges in the fields of law, politics, and democracy faced by countries and the global society.
Critical Legal Studies on Wiretapping or Interception in the Indonesian Legal System
Critical Legal Studies (CLS) emerged as a theoretical approach that challenges traditional concepts and raises critical questions regarding justice, power, and legal structures. This study focuses on Critical Legal Studies of wiretapping or interception in the Indonesian legal system and examines how CLS can critique the wiretapping case conducted by investigators of the Komisi Pemberantasan Korupsi (KPK) under the order of Antasari Azhar. This research is a normative juridical legal study, which positions law as a set of rules or norms embodied in legislation, court decisions, legal doctrines, and other sources of law, and employs qualitative analysis. The tendency for abuse of wiretapping is highly likely due to its secret nature, and wiretapping constitutes an intrusion of somebody’s privacy, even though what is intruded upon and taken by law enforcement officers cannot be physically and visibly seen, except for the recordings of individuals’ conversations. Political involvement is reflected in the wiretapping case ordered by Antasari Azhar. This wiretapping became an instrument used to maintain the position of an institutional leader who was being threatened, under the pretext of facilitating the work of the KPK, although the head of the anti-corruption agency was under terror at that time. Although framed in the context of “security,” it was not based on any report or suspicion that a corruption crime had occurred or would occur. In addition, the importance of legal language needs to be highlighted in this context.
Socialization of Law No. 33 of 2014 concerning Halal Product Assurance on Branding and Marketing of Community Products
This community service was carried out as an effort to support the implementation of Law Number 33 of 2014 concerning Halal Product Assurance (JPH Law), especially in relation to branding and marketing of community products. The background of this activity is the low understanding of business actors, especially MSMEs, about the importance of halal certification not only as a legal obligation, but also as a strategy to increase product competitiveness. Halal certification has strategic value because it can increase consumer trust, strengthen brand image, and expand market share both locally and globally. The method of implementing service is carried out through socialization, education, and assistance to the community of MSME actors regarding halal certification procedures, its use in building product branding, and its integration into marketing strategies, including digital marketing. This activity is designed in a participatory manner so that the community not only receives materials, but also is able to apply knowledge in the development of their respective products. The results of this activity show an increase in public understanding of the urgency of halal certification and how to optimize it as an added value in branding and marketing. Business actors gain practical knowledge about the procedure for applying for halal certificates, strategies for building a halal value-based brand, and the use of digital media to expand the market. This service activity is expected to help business actors in increasing competitiveness, strengthening the position of local products in the market, and encouraging sustainable community economic growth.
Education Law No. 2 of 2009 concerning Traffic to Improve Driving Safety for Students of SMK Triguna Jakarta
Traffic accidents are still one of the leading causes of death and injury in Indonesia, especially among the productive age, including vocational high school students. Low legal awareness and understanding of traffic regulations is one of the causes of the high number of violations and accidents on the highway, especially among students who are starting to actively use motor vehicles. This phenomenon shows that although the rules have been clearly stated in Law Number 2 of 2009 concerning Road Traffic and Transportation, their implementation in the field is often ignored. Lack of knowledge about signs, traffic rules, and accompanying legal consequences makes students vulnerable to involvement in violations, both mild ones such as not wearing helmets, to high-risk ones such as violating traffic lights. This community service activity is designed as a concrete effort to answer these problems by focusing on increasing the knowledge and legal awareness of SMK Triguna Jakarta students. Through education based on Law Number 2 of 2009, students are expected to comprehensively understand the rights and obligations of road users, the meaning and function of traffic signs, as well as legal sanctions that can be imposed in the event of violations. This approach emphasizes not only the cognitive aspect, but also on the formation of orderly traffic attitudes and behaviors as part of a safety culture. The method of implementing activities includes interactive counseling that provides opportunities for students to ask questions and discuss directly with resource persons. This combination of methods is expected to be able to create a meaningful learning experience, so that the message conveyed can be well absorbed and implemented in daily life
Empowering Home-Based Tofu Industries through Legal Education on Food Safety and Business Licensing
Home-based tofu industries constitute an important micro-enterprise sector that plays a strategic role in providing nutritious food, generating employment, and strengthening local economies. As an affordable and widely consumed source of plant-based protein, tofu has become an integral part of Indonesian food culture. However, many home-based tofu producers face persistent challenges, particularly limited legal awareness of food safety standards and inadequate business licensing. This situation creates potential non-compliance with Law Number 18 of 2012 on Food and Law Number 8 of 1999 on Consumer Protection, which require business actors to ensure the safety and quality of food products. This community service program aims to empower tofu producers through three main approaches: (1) legal education on food safety and consumer protection; (2) technical training on the implementation of Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP), including sanitation and hygiene standards; and (3) education on business licensing procedures, such as the Business Identification Number (NIB), Home Industry Food Production Certificate (SPP-IRT), and halal certification. The activities were conducted using a participatory method involving interactive lectures, practical simulations, group discussions, and direct assistance. The program is expected to enhance legal awareness, improve compliance with food safety regulations, promote business formalization, and strengthen consumer trust in locally produced food products, while supporting government efforts to improve the competitiveness of home-based food industries in South Jakarta
Enhancing Legal Awareness of Rural Communities regarding Formal Legal Requirements in the Acquisition of Land Rights
Ciruas Sub-district, as the capital of Serang Regency, possesses significant potential, particularly in the agricultural sector with leading commodities such as water spinach (kangkung), stinky bean (petai), ginger, and banana. However, the main problem faced by the community is the low legal awareness regarding the formal legality of land rights. Many residents still manage their land informally without a valid certificate, which leads to legal uncertainty, potential disputes, and hinders access to government programs and financial institutions. To address this issue, this community service proposal offers a solution in the form of structured and sustainable legal counseling and education on land law. This initiative involves and collaborates with the National Land Agency (BPN), village officials, the Legal Aid Institution (LBH), and the Community Service Team from the Master of Law Program at Pamulang University. Key activities include counseling on land legality, direct consultation clinics, assistance in processing land certificates, and providing easily understandable information media. This approach also integrates entrepreneurship and modern agricultural training to increase the community's motivation to process land legality as part of local economic development. The expected outcomes are dissemination through a call for papers and publication in online mass media and national community service journals. Through the implementation of this program, it is hoped that Ciruas Sub-district can optimize its agrarian resource potential and sustainably improve community welfare
Smart Living as a Strategy to Improve Food Production and Promote the Local Economy in Palembang City: A Legal and Policy Study
Smart Living has emerged as an innovative approach to enhancing food productivity and local economic development through the integration of digital technologies, the Internet of Things (IoT), Artificial Intelligence (AI), and data-driven governance. Palembang City, one of Indonesia’s expanding urban centers, is currently facing challenges related to limited agricultural land, distribution inefficiencies, and the low digital capacity of farmers. This research examines how Smart Living can serve as a strategic solution to improve food security and stimulate the local economy, supported by an effective legal and policy framework. This study employs a qualitative socio-legal methodology and action research to analyze legal instruments and real-world policy implementation at the regional level. The research aims to formulate a Smart Living–based policy model that emphasizes regulatory certainty, technological adoption, and community participation. The expected outcomes will contribute to improving agricultural productivity, supporting economic growth, and strengthening legal structures necessary for sustainable Smart Living development in Palembang City
The Urgency of Registering Marriages, Births, and Divorces for the Legal Protection of Families:
The registration of key family events, namely marriage, birth, and divorce, plays a fundamental role in providing legal certainty and protection for family members, particularly women and children. This community service program (Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat / PKM) was implemented in Ciruas Subdistrict, Serang Regency, in response to the low level of legal literacy among beneficiaries of the Program Keluarga Harapan (PKH). The program aimed to enhance public understanding of the urgency of registering family legal events as the basis for safeguarding civil rights. Methods employed included legal outreach (community legal education), group discussions, and case simulations. The program’s outcomes indicate improved participant comprehension of the legal foundations for event registration and of the legal consequences that follow when registration is neglected. This article discusses the urgency of registering family events in light of statutory provisions and academic literature, and links those legal frameworks to the empirical findings of the PKM. In conclusion, the registration of family legal events constitutes a primary instrument for protecting family legal rights, especially for vulnerable population groups
State Responsibility in the Regulation of Pharmaceutical Preparations and Pharmaceutical Personnel Comparison of Indonesia and Chile
The state is responsible for pharmaceutical preparations to realize and ensure the implementation of quality, correct and useful pharmaceuticals, it is necessary to build an integrated system starting from the upstream process, namely the existence of strong regulations as a legal basis in the form of implementable laws and regulations, which can be applied properly. In the practice of regulating pharmaceutical preparations, there is a difference where the Law mandates to realize the resilience of pharmaceutical preparations, the Central Government and Regional Governments are responsible for independence in the field of domestically produced pharmaceutical preparations for national resilience and progress, on the other hand, in the implementing regulations regulations are in the form of facilitating the implementation of imports. The difference in the regulation of pharmaceutical preparations that are inconsistent, it is necessary to take a comparative approach by comparing regulations in the form of regulations that are substantially related to the implementation of pharmaceuticals between Indonesia and Chile, when compared with the practice of regulating pharmaceutical preparations with Chile fully regulating the authority given to the government to protect public health by ensuring the availability of drugs starting from storage, distribution, Setting prices until imports are carried out, import needs are based on procurement transparency, supply control, and community needs. Pharmaceutical preparations are the responsibility of the state to ensure that every citizen has the right to receive health services, as a policy to realize a resilient and responsive health system , regulating the import of pharmaceutical preparations is in contrast to the independence of downstream the domestic pharmaceutical industry.
Legal Review of Misuse of Consumer Personal Data in Electronic Transactions Based on Article 26 of the ITE Law
The rapid advancement of information and communication technology has significantly transformed social interaction patterns, including the rise of electronic transactions in daily economic activities. However, these developments are accompanied by increasing risks, particularly the misuse and unauthorized dissemination of consumers’ personal data by business actors or cybercriminals. This study aims to analyze the legal protection of personal data belonging to consumers in electronic transactions based on Article 26 of the Electronic Information and Transactions Law (EIT Law) and its harmonization with the Personal Data Protection Law (PDP Law) in Indonesia. This research applies a normative juridical approach, focusing on statutory and conceptual analyses. The results show that Article 26 of the EIT Law establishes fundamental provisions requiring consent from data owners before their data may be used. Nevertheless, the regulation is still considered insufficient and lacks detailed enforcement mechanisms. The enactment of the PDP Law provides more comprehensive protection by strengthening the rights of data subjects and imposing clearer obligations on electronic system providers regarding lawful data processing, security standards, and accountability. To ensure optimal implementation, strong regulatory supervision, effective law enforcement, business compliance, and increased digital awareness among consumers are essential in mitigating personal data breaches within electronic transaction activities
Legal Protection and Empowerment of Women Beneficiaries of the Family Hope Program (PKH) Against Domestic Violence
Domestic violence against women beneficiaries of the Family Hope Program (Program Keluarga Harapan/PKH) constitutes a multidimensional challenge involving legal vulnerability, economic dependence, and limited access to justice. This community-based program addresses these issues by developing an integrated protection and empowerment model aimed at strengthening legal literacy, accelerating reporting mechanisms, and promoting women’s economic resilience. The intervention was implemented in Ciruas District, Serang Regency, targeting PKH beneficiary households at high risk of domestic violence. The program employed participatory legal education, trauma-informed training for PKH facilitators, activation of a 72-hour rapid response standard operating procedure, dissemination of practical reporting and evidence tools, and post-reporting economic empowerment through micro-enterprise support. The results demonstrate a substantial increase in survivors’ legal awareness and valid case reporting, enhanced capacity of PKH facilitators as community legal navigators, and improved economic participation among survivors. These findings indicate that legal protection mechanisms are significantly more effective when reinforced by economic empowerment strategies. The study concludes that an integrated, community-based approach can transform domestic violence response systems from reactive interventions into sustainable empowerment frameworks
Criminal Law Education as a Preventive Strategy Against Juvenile Delinquency in Schools
This activity was carried out as an effort to provide students with an understanding of criminal law as a preventive measure to reduce deviant behavior in the school environment. The community service program was conducted at SMK Triguna Syarif Hidayatullah from October 1 to 3, 2025, through a series of counseling sessions, group discussions, and simple case simulations. The activities focused on increasing students’ knowledge of behavioral boundaries that may potentially violate the law, as well as the possible consequences for themselves and their surroundings. Throughout the implementation, students actively participated in each session and showed strong interest in topics related to juvenile offenses, such as bullying, minor theft, and misuse of digital media. The two-way interaction enabled facilitators to identify students’ initial level of understanding and adjust the delivery methods to make the material more accessible. Evaluation results indicated an improvement in students’ understanding of legal risks and the importance of self-control in situations that may trigger negative actions. This activity demonstrates that an educational approach connected to students’ real-life experiences can open space for dialogue and foster early legal awareness. Providing legal education in schools has the potential to serve as a sustainable effort to build a culture of discipline and responsibility among students.
Addressing Criminal Liability in the Abuse of Financial Technology and Digital Assets: Empirical Evidence on Consumer Protection in Yogyakarta
The rapid development of financial technology (fintech) and digital assets has significantly transformed financial services, while simultaneously increasing the risk of misuse that may harm consumers. In Indonesia, the regulatory framework governing fintech and digital assets continues to evolve, yet challenges remain in ensuring effective criminal liability and consumer protection. This study aims to examine the implementation of criminal liability in cases involving the abuse of fintech and digital assets and to assess its effectiveness in protecting consumers, with a limited empirical focus on Yogyakarta. This research employs a normative-empirical legal research method. The normative approach analyzes statutory regulations related to fintech, digital assets, consumer protection, and criminal law, including financial services and electronic transaction regulations. The empirical approach is conducted through interviews and field observations involving law enforcement officials, regulators, fintech practitioners, and affected consumers in Yogyakarta to capture practical challenges in law enforcement and regulatory implementation.The findings indicate that the application of criminal liability in fintech and digital asset abuse cases faces several obstacles, including regulatory gaps, overlapping institutional authority, limited technical capacity of law enforcement agencies, and low public legal awareness. These challenges weaken deterrence and reduce the effectiveness of consumer protection mechanisms. The study further reveals that existing legal instruments have not been optimally integrated to address the complex nature of digital financial crimes. This research concludes that strengthening criminal liability requires regulatory harmonization, improved inter-agency coordination, and enhanced institutional capacity, alongside preventive measures such as consumer education and compliance-based regulation. The study contributes to the development of evidence-based legal policy recommendations aimed at improving consumer protection in the digital financial ecosystem
Community Participation in Environmental Monitoring as an Manifestation of the Principles of a Just Legal State
This study examines public participation in environmental supervision as a manifestation of the principle of a just rule of law within the Indonesian constitutional framework. Environmental protection is constitutionally guaranteed as a human right under Article 28H paragraph (1) of the 1945 Constitution, requiring not only state responsibility but also active community involvement. The research employs a normative juridical method using statutory and conceptual approaches, focusing on the analysis of the 1945 Constitution, Law Number 32 of 2009 on Environmental Protection and Management, and its implementing regulations, particularly Government Regulation Number 22 of 2021. The findings indicate that although Indonesian positive law formally guarantees public participation in environmental oversight, its implementation remains largely procedural and has not yet achieved meaningful participation due to limited access to information, low environmental legal literacy, and weak law enforcement mechanisms. As a result, public involvement often lacks substantive influence on environmental decision-making and supervision. This study concludes that strengthening legal frameworks and institutional mechanisms is necessary to ensure effective, inclusive, and equitable public participation. Such reinforcement is essential to realizing ecological justice and transforming public participation into a substantive constitutional instrument that supports democratic governance, environmental sustainability, and the realization of a just rule of law in Indonesia
The Relevance of Civil Procedure Law to Dispute Resolution Mechanisms in Digital Business Activities in Indonesia
This study examines the relevance of Indonesian civil procedural law to dispute resolution mechanisms in digital business activities. The rapid development of information technology has transformed conventional commercial transactions into electronic-based interactions, giving rise to new forms of civil disputes that challenge traditional procedural frameworks. This research aims to analyze whether existing civil procedural law is able to provide legal certainty, effectiveness, and procedural justice in resolving disputes arising from digital business transactions. The study employs a normative juridical method with a statutory and conceptual approach, relying on primary legal materials in the form of legislation, as well as secondary materials such as legal doctrines and scholarly journals. The analysis focuses on key procedural aspects, including jurisdiction, electronic evidence, and the implementation of electronic court systems. The results show that although civil procedural law in Indonesia remains formally applicable to digital business disputes, significant challenges persist, particularly in relation to the authenticity and integrity of electronic evidence, territorial jurisdiction, and the execution of court decisions. The introduction of electronic court and electronic litigation systems through Supreme Court regulations demonstrates a progressive effort to modernize civil procedure and enhance efficiency in dispute resolution. The study concludes that civil procedural law is substantively relevant to digital business disputes but requires continuous adaptation and harmonization to effectively respond to technological developments while maintaining fundamental principles of due process, legal certainty, and access to justice.
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Cultivating Political Awareness Among High School Students through Participatory Education in Government
This study addresses the low level of political awareness and civic participation among vocational high school students in Indonesia by situating the issue within the broader challenge of strengthening democratic citizenship among young voters. The program aims to foster students’ understanding of governance, political rights, and participatory democracy through a community service–based educational intervention. The methods employed include interactive civic education workshops, school-level democratic simulations, digital political literacy and anti-hoax training, and the establishment of a student civic forum, implemented through a participatory civic education approach involving lecturers, university students, teachers, and pupils at SMK PGRI Larangan. The results indicate a substantial improvement in students’ knowledge of governmental structures, democratic principles, and political participation, as reflected in pre-test and post-test comparisons showing an average increase of approximately 40% in civic understanding, alongside higher student engagement in school organizations and forums. Qualitative observations further reveal positive changes in students’ attitudes toward politics, with reduced apathy and increased critical awareness of public issues and digital political information. The study concludes that participatory, contextual, and practice-oriented civic education is effective in enhancing political awareness among vocational students and can serve as a sustainable model for schools in developing democratic character, civic responsibility, and informed youth participation in governance.
Implementation of Land Sale and Purchase Based on National Agrarian Law Provisions
The existence of land is a necessity, because the majority of Indonesian people live from an agrarian or agricultural economy. Given the importance of land, it is not uncommon for land to be the subject of disputes, especially regarding ownership rights. In addition, with increasing population growth, the need for land or land increases, causing land prices to also rise. Agrarian law contained in Law No. 5 of 1960 concerning Basic Agrarian Principles is a national land law whose objectives are: 1. Laying the foundations for the preparation of National Agrarian Law which will be a tool to bring prosperity, happiness and justice to the State and the people, especially farmers, in the framework of a just and prosperous society. 2. Laying the foundations for establishing unity and simplicity in land law. 3. Laying the foundations for providing legal certainty regarding land rights for all people. In other words, if something has been agreed upon but in practice the object of the agreement has not been delivered, then the agreement is considered non-existent or there is no agreement.
Legal Protection for Consumers Against Debt Collection Actions in Online Loan Services
This study examines the effectiveness of legal protection for consumers against abusive debt collection practices in online lending services within the context of digital financial development in Indonesia. The rapid growth of fintech lending has expanded access to financing but has also generated legal issues, particularly unethical collection practices such as intimidation, threats, and misuse of personal data, which disproportionately affect young consumers. This research adopts a normative juridical approach supported by empirical observations at SMK PGRI Larangan, focusing on statutory regulations, regulatory policies, and real cases encountered by students. Data were analyzed through legal document review, observation, and discussions with stakeholders to identify gaps between normative legal protection and its practical implementation. The findings indicate that despite the existence of legal frameworks, including consumer protection and data protection laws as well as OJK regulations, enforcement remains weak due to low legal literacy, limited supervision, and ineffective complaint mechanisms. Consequently, consumers, particularly students, remain vulnerable to unlawful collection practices. The study concludes that strengthening legal protection requires an integrated approach combining regulatory reinforcement, effective law enforcement, institutional coordination, and systematic legal and financial literacy education. These measures are essential to ensure fair treatment of consumers and to promote legal certainty and justice in the digital financial ecosystem.
Education on the Constitutional Rights of Prisoners
This community service program focused on providing education about the constitutional rights of inmates at the Class IIA Gunung Sindur Narcotics Penitentiary. The initiative arose from the need to strengthen inmates’ understanding of the fundamental rights that remain with them during imprisonment, as guaranteed by the 1945 Constitution and detailed in the Correctional Law. Many inmates still hold the misconception that losing freedom means losing all civil rights, which often makes them passive and unaware of the rehabilitation facilities designed to support their recovery and social reintegration. Through an educational and dialogic approach tailored to the conditions of the penitentiary, participants received information on their rights to humane treatment, health services, worship, self-development, and communication within regulatory limits. The material delivery was combined with interactive discussions to reinforce the understanding that the protection of rights goes hand in hand with the obligation to maintain order and participate in rehabilitation. The results showed improved legal literacy, increased confidence in accessing available services, and a clearer awareness of their position as legal subjects who retain dignity and the opportunity to improve themselves within a reintegration-oriented correctional system.
THE ROLE OF LAW IN PREVENTING SEXUAL VIOLENCE IN THE SCHOOL ENVIRONMENT
Sexual violence in schools remains a serious challenge in ensuring the protection of children's rights and creating a safe learning environment. Schools, which should function as spaces for education and character development, are still vulnerable to various forms of sexual violence due to unequal power relations, low legal awareness, and the absence of effective prevention mechanisms. This community service program aims to strengthen legal awareness and preventive capacity related to sexual violence in the school environment, particularly at SMK PGRI Larangan. The methods applied include legal education, counseling, participatory discussions, mentoring, and training for students, teachers, and school staff. The program emphasizes the role of law as a preventive and protective instrument through the dissemination of relevant legal frameworks, such as the Child Protection Law and the Law on Sexual Violence Crimes (UU TPKS). The results of the activity show an increased understanding of legal protection mechanisms, reporting procedures, and the rights of victims of sexual violence. In addition, the program contributes to the development of a participatory social management system that supports the creation of a safe and violence-free school environment. This activity demonstrates that the integration of legal education, institutional policy strengthening, and community participation is essential in preventing sexual violence in schools in a sustainable manner
EMPOWERING TRIGUNA VOCATIONAL SCHOOL STUDENTS IN BUILDING LEGAL AWARENESS THROUGH A SOCIOLOGICAL APPROACH TO LAW
Empowering students in building legal awareness is a form of community service that aims to improve understanding, attitudes, and compliance with the law among the younger generation. This activity was motivated by the low level of legal awareness among students at Triguna Vocational School, who tend to view the law normatively and instrumentally as merely rules and sanctions, rather than as a social mechanism that regulates order, justice, and the protection of rights in society. The approach used is a sociological approach to law with participatory methods, which actively involves students in the learning process and reflection on the social realities around them. The results of the activity show that increasing students' legal awareness requires contextual, communicative, and sustainable methods, accompanied by guidance and strengthening the role of students as agents of change in the school environment. In addition, the involvement of the school and the relevance of legal material to everyday life are important factors in the success of the program. This activity was carried out at SMK Triguna and is expected to be the first step in systematically and continuously building a culture of legal awareness among students
Postcolonial Constitutionalism and Advisory Bodies: A Comparative Study of the Conseil d’État in Madagascar and Wantimpres in Indonesia
This paper examines how executive advisory institutions, the Conseil d’État in Madagascar and the Presidential Advisory Council (Wantimpres) in Indonesia, are structured and positioned within postcolonial constitutional orders. Rather than proposing concrete reforms or measuring policy effectiveness, the study focuses on mapping and interpreting their constitutional design and institutional logic. Using a normative–juridical and comparative method, it analyses constitutional provisions, organic laws and regulations with secondary literature in postcolonial constitutionalism, legal transplant and institutional isomorphism. The analysis shows that Madagascar embeds advisory functions in a supreme administrative court that also issues binding rulings, producing a highly judicialized and structurally faithful variant of the French Conseil d’État model. Indonesia, by contrast, locates advice in a non-structural presidential council whose members depend on the President and whose opinions are confidential, resulting in a more politically embedded and flexible advisory body. A postcolonial reading highlights how coercive, normative and mimetic pressures have produced hybrid institutions that borrow similar ideas yet follow divergent trajectories of adaptation. The paper’s contribution is therefore primarily descriptive and analytical: it clarifies the constitutional place of these bodies and offers a conceptual basis for later work on their value-added and possible reform.
Anti-Corruption Education to Instill Integrity Values in Students of Smk Triguna Jakarta
Corruption is a serious problem that threatens development and damages the joints of state life. This phenomenon occurs not only in the government, but also affects social culture. Therefore, corruption prevention needs to be carried out from an early age through anti-corruption education in schools. This education plays an important role in shaping the character of the younger generation to uphold honesty, responsibility, and transparency. With the right understanding, students can avoid a permissive attitude towards corrupt practices that are often considered reasonable. SMK Triguna Jakarta as a vocational education institution has a moral responsibility to instill the value of integrity in students. Students who will enter the world of work need to be equipped with a strong moral foundation to be able to become agents of change. This community service program is designed to provide anti-corruption education that is structured, interactive, and relevant to students' lives. Activities include counseling, discussions, case studies, and simulations so that students not only understand concepts, but are able to apply them. The main objectives of the activity are to increase knowledge about corruption, form anti-corruption attitudes, and instill integrity values such as honesty, responsibility, consistency, and the courage to reject irregularities. The program is implemented through a participatory approach by actively involving students, as well as materials tailored to their social context. With this approach, it is hoped that critical awareness of the dangers of corruption will grow and students will be able to influence the surrounding environment. This program is also a guide for teachers to integrate anti-corruption values in a sustainable manner, as well as a moral investment for the future of the nation.
Socialization of Law Number 1 of 2024 concerning Information and Electronics to Improve Digital Literacy and Social Media Ethics for Students of SMK Triguna Jakarta
The rapid development of information and communication technology has changed the pattern of community interaction, including among students. Social media is the main space for students to acquire, share, and shape public opinion. The focus of this activity is the socialization of Law Number 1 of 2024 concerning Information and Electronic Transactions as the legal basis that regulates the use of information technology and social media in Indonesia. Through this socialization, students are expected to understand the rights, obligations, and legal consequences of the digital activities they carry out. The method of implementing this activity is carried out through a participatory approach, in the form of legal counseling, interactive discussions, and case studies. The students are actively involved in the learning process in order to understand and internalize the material presented. The socialization material includes the introduction of provisions in the law, social media ethics, how to recognize and counteract hoaxes, and the importance of maintaining the security of personal data. The results of this activity show an increase in students' understanding of digital literacy and legal awareness in social media. Students become more sensitive to the impact of each digital activity, both socially and legally. This socialization not only provides knowledge, but also builds collective awareness to create a safe, polite, and productive digital space.
THE IMPORTANCE OF RESTORATIVE JUSTICE IN RESOLVING JUVENILE CRIME
Restorative justice is an important approach in resolving juvenile criminal cases because it emphasizes the restoration of social relationships, the accountability of the offender, and the protection of victims’ rights rather than focusing solely on punishment. This study aims to highlight the role of restorative justice within Indonesia’s juvenile criminal justice system and to assess its effectiveness as an alternative to the retributive approach. The method employed is normative research, involving analysis of legislation, policies, and academic literature related to restorative justice practices. The findings indicate that the application of diversion mechanisms as a form of restorative justice can reduce the negative impacts of judicial processes on children, lower crime rates, and support social reintegration. However, its implementation in practice still faces challenges, such as limited understanding among law enforcement officers and insufficient community support. In conclusion, restorative justice plays a crucial role in ensuring the protection of children’s rights while strengthening the goals of social justice, and therefore needs to be continuously reinforced through regulation, training of law enforcement personnel, and community participation
Legal Protection for Juvenile Delinquency Perpetrators in the Child Protection Law UUPA
Juvenile delinquency in Indonesia has developed into a serious legal problem, with various acts violating positive legal norms such as bullying, theft, narcotics abuse, and other acts of violence. This study aims to analyze the construction of legal protection for children as perpetrators of juvenile delinquency from the perspective of the Child Protection Law, identify available protection mechanisms, and evaluate obstacles in its implementation. The method used is normative juridical with a statutory and conceptual approach, analyzing Law Number 35 of 2014 concerning Child Protection and Law Number 11 of 2012 concerning the Juvenile Criminal Justice System, as well as related legal literature. The results of the study show that legal protection for children of juvenile delinquency is realized through a restorative justice approach with a diversion mechanism, criminal sanctions that are the ultimate remedium, and various forms of coaching actions. However, its implementation faces obstacles in the form of limited understanding of law enforcement officials, lack of institutional support, inconsistency in the application of sanctions, and the still strong retaliation paradigm in the legal culture of society. This study concludes that it is necessary to strengthen the capacity of the apparatus, harmonize implementing regulations, collaboration across sectors, and transform the paradigm of society to realize effective legal protection for children of juvenile delinquents
RECONSTRUCTING THE ROLE OF THE OPPOSITION AND COALITION IN THE INDONESIAN PRESIDENTIAL SYSTEM: EFFORTS TO STRENGTHEN THE CHEKS FUNCTION AND BALANCES BASED ON THE CONSTITUTION
Next allocation DPR seats against the Election general 2014, has been explained in Law No. 8 of 2012 where the allocation process The chair has been simplified into two stages. This has been changed remembering the Election In general, in 2009, the process used was very complicated . Then in the General Election 2014 general election , KPU, in the first step will determine Number Divider Voters (BPP) in each area election , where BPP is amount voice valid in​ A area election shared with amount available quota​ in area election said . With thus , a party political will get one chairs if each amount votes received by the party political the achieve the BPP determined by the KPU. Next regarding gender quota in elections general 2014, in Law No. 8 of 2012 which makes it mandatory minimum quota of 30% of candidates women to make the list of candidates Election general . And in the Election In general , in 2014, if the 30% women provision is not met filled then there are sanctions, namely in the form of revoked rights as a member of the Election common in the area the election where the quota is 30% No fulfilled .
Legal Protection for Workers with Fixed-Term Employment Agreements (PKWT) as Reviewed by the Job Creation Regulation
One form of employment relationship in Indonesia is a fixed-term employment agreement, commonly known as a contractual employment agreement. Recently, an increasing number of businesses and companies have adopted a contractual employment system for their workers. In practice, this contractual employment system is suspected of favoring employers or companies, neglecting workers' rights. To obtain data, this study employed a library research method, conducted in libraries, by reading and reviewing books, laws and regulations, scientific papers, articles, the internet, and various other related documents. This article examines the legal protections available to workers whose contracts are continuously extended without clear status certainty. With the enactment of Government Regulation in Lieu of Law (Perpu) Number 02 of 2022, which replaces Law Number 11 of 2020 concerning Job Creation, it is hoped that this regulation will assist workers with Fixed-Term Employment Agreements (PKWT) in fulfilling their rights, particularly regarding the final compensation payment that should be received when the agreement expires.
COMPARISON OF LAWS ON THE POSITION OF A CHILD IN THE WOMB AS AN HEIR ACCORDING TO THE CIVIL CODE AND ISLAMIC LAW
The purpose of this study is to examine and compare the legal status of children as heirs according to the Civil Code and Islamic law. The data collection process utilized primary legal sources, including the principles and provisions contained in documents such as the Civil Code, inheritance jurisprudence, and the Compilation of Islamic Law regarding inheritance. Additional information was obtained from law books, academic journals, scientific articles, legal dictionaries, and relevant encyclopedic references. This study reveals significant differences in the procedures for granting inheritance to unborn children
Analysis of Evidence of Witchcraft Crimes Based on the New Indonesian Criminal Code
The pluralistic life of beliefs about spiritual matters in Indonesia is very thick and sensitive, especially the occurrence of criminal acts that are beyond common sense or cannot be proven by scientific criminal investigations, namely criminal acts of black magic perpetrators or victims of black magic which result in violations of human rights (HAM). Belief in religion which is a source of morality and spirituality which is considered as part of a tradition that has never been abandoned by Indonesian society with situations and conditions of high spiritual values makes Indonesian people's belief in God and spirits that live around humans or those that smell mystical or black magic not uncommon in every region with their respective cultural characteristics, for example human rights violations in Banyumas Regency, namely the massacre allegedly carried out by black magic perpetrators with 250 victims. With this belief, it is not uncommon for people in some areas to have or even have the ability to seesupernatural things or study black magic, for their own interests. So the question arises as a problem identification, namely 1. How are efforts to prove the crime of black magic according to Law Number 1 of 2023 concerning the Criminal Code? 2. How can the elements of black magic be called a criminal act based on Law Number 1 of 2023 concerning the Criminal Code? The research method used by the author is the normative legal approach method. The normative legal approach is a legal research conducted by examining library materials or secondary data as a basis for research by tracing laws and regulations and literature related to the problems studied by the author
Comparison of Legal Systems in ASEAN Countires From a Regional Legal Perspective
This article examines the comparative legal systems of the member states of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), emphasizing the diversity of legal traditions, institutional structures, and their implications for national and regional legal development. ASEAN consists of countries with heterogeneous historical, political, and cultural backgrounds that significantly influence the formation of their respective legal systems. Using a normative and conceptual comparative legal approach, this study analyzes civil law systems, common law systems, mixed legal systems, and legal systems influenced by religious and socialist law traditions. The discussion focuses on constitutional law, state administrative law, criminal law, civil law, and human rights protection within the ASEAN region. The findings show that despite fundamental differences among ASEAN legal systems, there are shared legal values that can serve as a foundation for regional legal harmonization. Comparative legal studies in ASEAN are not only academically relevant but also play a strategic role in supporting regional integration, cross-border cooperation, and the development of a more coherent ASEAN legal framework.
Legal Validity of Digital Informed Consent in Indonesian Telemedicine: A Doctrinal and Regulatory Analysis under Law Number 17 Year 2023 Concerning Health
This research explores how informed consent in digital form is legally recognized within telemedicine, an area that has expanded rapidly under the framework of Indonesia’s Health Law (Law Number 17 of 2023 on Health). The study focuses on the ongoing uncertainty surrounding the legitimacy of electronic consent especially how a patient’s approval is authenticated, recorded, and later proven when disputes arise. Using a normative juridical approach, the analysis reviews the interaction between health regulations, electronic transaction laws, and rules on digital signatures to understand whether current standards are sufficient for medical decision-making conducted online. The results indicate that although the law obliges telemedicine providers to obtain informed consent, it stops short of defining clear benchmarks for identity verification, reliability of digital logs, or the evidentiary weight of simple click-based agreements. These gaps leave open questions about whether digital consent truly meets the requirements of a valid legal agreement in healthcare. The study concludes that Indonesia needs a more coherent and detailed regulatory structure to strengthen legal certainty, protect patient rights, and support the accountability of telemedicine practices
Digital Forensics in Medical Malpractice: The Challenge of Proving Clinical Data in Cloud-Based Medical Records
digital Transformation in healthcare, moving towards cloud-based Electronic Health Records (EHR), presents new legal challenges in medical malpractice disputes, specifically regarding the validity and integrity of digital evidence. These disputes require stricter evidentiary standards concerning authenticity, integrity, and an accountable digital chain of custody. Currently, Indonesia lacks a specific regulatory framework for health digital forensics, despite the critical role of system logs and audit trails. This normative legal research, using statutory, conceptual, case, and comparative approaches, aims to analyze the legal standing of digital medical records and formulate the necessary regulatory model. The study finds that without standardized audit trails, metadata preservation, and fixed chain of custody procedures, digital medical records risk losing their evidentiary strength in court. This paper proposes the establishment of a Health Digital Evidence Framework (HDEF) as a national standard to ensure the validity and reliability of clinical digital evidence
Transformation Resulting From The Digital Transition and Disputes Over The Implementation of Digital Legal Contracts in Indonesia
To provide certainty, legal regulations can be formulated to guarantee the protection of the rights and interests of the community in the face of rapid technological change. Through an in-depth study of primary and secondary legal sources, this study explains the legal phenomena related to digital transformation in Indonesia. This study utilizes primary legal materials, particularly related laws and regulations, to understand the legal basis for the formation of laws in response to digital transformation. Legal philosophy plays a crucial role in articulating the concept of justice within the legal system. This concept serves as a guideline for the formation of laws that must evolve in line with societal developments. In the context of the development of digital technology in Indonesia, the importance of progressive regulations is crucial. These regulations must provide clear guidelines for the use of digital technology so that its benefits can be obtained and its negative impacts can be minimized. Thus, legal philosophy is an important foundation in creating legal conditions that are in line with current developments. Legal philosophy provides a deep understanding of the concept of justice and how it should be reflected in the applicable legal system. Because law is experiencing very rapid development, so too are the various problems that exist and are often encountered, especially in the current digital era.
Legal Risks of Buyback Execution in Underhand Land Investment Agreements: Hybrid Authentic-Digital Reform from the Perspective of Indonesian Agrarian Law
The practice of land investment through buyback schemes utilizing underhand agreements has proliferated in Indonesia as a swift and cost-efficient alternative investment instrument, yet it is confronted with substantial legal uncertainty stemming from the inability to register rights with the National Land Agency (BPN) in compliance with Government Regulation No. 24 of 1997. This study aims to analyze the legal risks associated with the execution of buyback clauses within underhand agreements and to formulate a hybrid authentic-digital reform model designed to enhance legal certainty within the framework of Indonesian agrarian law. Employing a mixed methods approach with a sequential explanatory design, this research analyzes 150 court rulings pertaining to buyback disputes from the period 2018-2023 and conducts in-depth interviews with 25 stakeholders, encompassing investors, notaries, legal practitioners, BPN officials, and academics. The findings identify three predominant risks: default on repurchase obligations (52% of cases), double selling (30%), and evidentiary complexities (18%), with an average litigation duration of 2.8 years. The analysis reveals a systemic disjunction between the principle of contractual freedom enshrined in the Civil Code and the formal registration mandates of land law. A proposed hybrid reform model, which integrates digital validation mechanisms with established notarial authentication principles, garnered support from 92% of respondents as a viable solution. This study contributes to the scholarly discourse by advancing a hybrid regulatory framework that reconciles informal underhand practices with the BPN's digital infrastructure, while offering evidence-based policy recommendations to fortify legal certainty and investor protection within Indonesia's land investment sector
Land Consolidation Policies for Advancing Transit-Oriented Development: a Comparative Legal Study of ASEAN Countries
This article examines how land consolidation policies function as legal instruments to support Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) in three ASEAN countries: Indonesia, Singapore, and Thailand. Using a qualitative approach grounded in comparative legal analysis, this study explores the regulatory frameworks, institutional arrangements, and implementation practices that shape the relationship between land consolidation or land readjustment mechanisms and transit-based urban development. The findings reveal significant differences among the three countries. Indonesia continues to face fragmented regulations and socio-economic impacts on low-income groups; Singapore has successfully advanced TOD through strong state land ownership and centralized planning; while Thailand operates a more participatory and equitable land readjustment scheme. This study concludes that Indonesia can strengthen its land consolidation policies for TOD by adopting Singapore’s institutional clarity and Thailand’s participatory mechanisms, thereby moving toward a more inclusive and sustainable model of urban development
The DECONSTRUCTION OF LEGAL PROTECTION OF COMPANIES IS VIEWED FROM THE ECONOMIC JUSTICE OF FIDUCIARY RIGHTS ASSOCIATED WITH THE LEGAL CERTAINTY OF CREDITOR TAKEOVERS
This fiduciary guarantee is different from other tangible collateral, the fiduciary institution is the only institution in which the debtor controls the movable collateral and money from the credit agreement. Fiduciary guarantees are carried out by means of constitutum possessorium, which is an object that has been handed over to the creditor but is still physically controlled by the fiduciary for the benefit of the fiduciary. With the formulation of the problem of how to reform legal protection for companies in the development of the theory of economic prosperity that is certain and how the reform of legal protection for limited companies in the certainty of creditor takeover of fair fiduciary rights in economic development. The approach method used to base the answer to the formulation of the problem is to use the main basis of the legislative approach (Statue Approach) and the conceptual approach (conceptual approach). The Statue Approach is used because what will be used are various legal rules that are the focus as well as the central theme of a research. In the data source, the materials used in writing this thesis include secondary legal materials obtained through literature and document studies related to this researcher
Sentencing Reform and Restorative Justice: Normative Implications of Articles 74–83 of the New Criminal Procedure Code (KUHAP) for Reducing Prison Overcrowding in Banten
This investigation tackles the ongoing challenge of inmate surplus in Indonesian correctional facilities, with a particular emphasis on Banten Province, where accommodations built for 4,642 individuals now accommodate 7,331. The paper explores the theoretical ramifications of Non-Judicial Case Resolutions, particularly the Restorative Justice (RJ) framework outlined in Articles 74–83 of the updated Indonesian Criminal Procedure Code (KUHAP), which is due to become operational on January 2, 2026. Employing a normative legal research approach, the analysis evaluates the regulatory basis for restorative settlements and the powers of investigators and prosecutors to halt legal proceedings. The primary issue revolves around evaluating whether this innovative legal tool upholds the core tenets of fairness and legal predictability. Findings indicate that integrating RJ into the revised KUHAP represents a vital advancement in tackling capacity issues. By rerouting eligible novice offenders via RJ, substantial alleviation of future burdens on Banten's prisons could be realized. Nonetheless, the efficacy of the RJ model depends on enhancing legal predictability, which has been undermined by discrepancies between the prior KUHAP and its enforcement guidelines. The study determines that bolstering restorative methods provides a viable strategy for diminishing overcrowding while safeguarding victim rights, on the condition that regulations are enforced uniformly and openly across all enforcement tiers.
Critical Legal Studies (CLS) emerged as a theoretical approach that challenges traditional concepts and raises critical questions regarding justice, power, and legal structures. This study focuses on Critical Legal Studies of wiretapping or interception in the Indonesian legal system and examines how CLS can critique the wiretapping case conducted by investigators of the Komisi Pemberantasan Korupsi (KPK) under the order of Antasari Azhar. This research is a normative juridical legal study, which positions law as a set of rules or norms embodied in legislation, court decisions, legal doctrines, and other sources of law, and employs qualitative analysis. The tendency for abuse of wiretapping is highly likely due to its secret nature, and wiretapping constitutes an intrusion of somebody’s privacy, even though what is intruded upon and taken by law enforcement officers cannot be physically and visibly seen, except for the recordings of individuals’ conversations. Political involvement is reflected in the wiretapping case ordered by Antasari Azhar. This wiretapping became an instrument used to maintain the position of an institutional leader who was being threatened, under the pretext of facilitating the work of the KPK, although the head of the anti-corruption agency was under terror at that time. Although framed in the context of “security,” it was not based on any report or suspicion that a corruption crime had occurred or would occur. In addition, the importance of legal language needs to be highlighted in this context
Considering the Feasibility of Suharto's Heroic Title: A Historical, Juridical Analysis, and the International Court of Justice Decision on the 1965-1966 PKI Massacre Tragedy
This study examines the feasibility of awarding the national hero title to Suharto according to the provisions of Law No. 20 of 2009 and Government Regulation No. 35 of 2010, the historical 1965- 1966 massacre tragedy, and the verdict of the International People's Court. The qualitative approach as the method with normative legal research and historical studies used. The study shows that the tragedy of 1965-1966 was a systematic larga scale of PKI members’ massacre and sympathizers without a fair judicial process. Suharto is the central of military command with significant responsibility for the crime. The 1965 International People's Court concluded that the Indonesian state was responsible for crimes against humanity, while supported by Komnas HAM report and international human rights institutions. The juridical analysis shows the mass murder is a despicable act that is different with the national hero conferment. The study concluded that Suharto did not require as a national hero with the gross human rights violations involvement that could not be erased by his services in other fields. The hero title to human rights violators disregard justice for victims and undermine Indonesia's commitment to the rule of law and human rights
Harmonization Law Environment Indonesia with Maqasid Sharia: Studies about Protection Ecosystem ( البيئة (حفظ
This research aims to analyze the potential for harmonization between Indonesian environmental law and Maqasid Sharia (the objectives of Islamic law) in the context of ecosystem protection. The ongoing environmental degradation in Indonesia highlights the urgency of a more comprehensive and ethically grounded legal approach. Maqasid Sharia, with its key principles such as حفظ البيئة (environmental protection), المصلحة (benefit), and درء المفاسد (preventing damage), offers a rich value framework to strengthen ecosystem protection efforts. Through a normative juridical approach with a literature study method, this research explores the relevance of Maqasid Shariah principles to the concept of ecosystem protection in environmental law. As the main output, this research formulates recommendations for the harmonization of Indonesian environmental law with Maqasid Sharia. These recommendations include the integration of Maqasid Sharia values in the formation of legal policies, strengthening law enforcement based on justice and benefits, and increasing public awareness and participation based on religious values
LEGAL POLITICAL ANALYSIS OF COURT DECISIONS CONSTITUTION NO. 91/PUU-XVIII/2020 ON THE MATERIAL REVIEW OF THE JOB CREATION LAW FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF LEGISLATION REFORM AND STRENGTHENING THE PRINCIPLES OF THE LEGAL STATE IN INDONESIA
Study This aim For analyze political law to Decision Court Constitution no. 91/PUU-XVIII/2020 in testing material Law no. 11 of 2020 concerning Creation Work , in particular related to the formation process and substance arrangement regulations through Omnibus Law method . The birth of Constitution Creation Work is policy political law government directed For push acceleration growth economy and investment through simplification regulation . However , the legislative process for this law cause polemic public Because assessed No fulfil principle formation regulation good legislation , especially principle openness and participation meaningful public . Decision Court Constitution state that the Job Creation Law Work status unconstitutional conditional and ordered repair in term time two years , so that implementation regulations limited and not may give birth to policy strategic and regulatory implementer new . Research This use method study law normative with approach legislation , approach case , approach conceptual , and approach historical . Data collected through studies documentation and studies library , then analyzed in a way qualitative prescriptive . Research results show that Constitutional Court Decision No. 91/PUU-XVIII/2020 is in effect as instrument control constitutional to practice legislation that is considered No obedient procedures and tend to elitist . Verdict This become fundamental correction for practice formation Constitution and momentum for strengthen principles of the rule of law , democracy , and legislative reform in Indonesia. Research This recommend the need formation regulations that govern in a way clear technique preparation of the Omnibus Law in system Indonesian legislation so as not to cause uncertainty future law.
Digital Transition and Emerging Criminal Law Challenges in Corruption: A Comprehensive Juridical Analysis
This research investigates how digital transformation is reshaping corruption practices and the challenges it creates for contemporary criminal law, positioning the analysis within the broader movement toward digital governance. Employing a qualitative normative juridical approach, the study examines statutory frameworks, judicial rulings, academic discourse, and international datasets to assess how corruption adapts within technologically mediated environments. The results reveal that digitalization does not eliminate corrupt behavior; rather, it reconfigures it through cyber enabled methods such as manipulation of electronic records, cryptocurrency based bribery, unauthorized system access, and automated interference in procurement processes. The study further identifies continuing informal workarounds, inadequate cybersecurity, fragmented data governance, concentrated administrative control, and institutional capacity deficits as persistent barriers to effective anti corruption efforts. The highly mutable nature of digital evidence introduces additional procedural difficulties, particularly in relation to authentication and chain of custody standards. Digital inequality also compels many citizens to rely on intermediaries, increasing vulnerability to exploitative practices. Overall, the findings demonstrate that the success of digital reforms in reducing corruption is contingent upon institutional robustness, legal coherence, and inclusive digital access rather than technological deployment alone. The study concludes that sustained progress requires comprehensive reforms integrating enhanced cybersecurity, strengthened digital forensic capabilities, improved accountability structures, and more reliable metrics for assessing corruption in digital contexts
LEGAL COUNSELING ON THE IMPACT OF EARLY MARRIAGE ON THE FUTURE OF TEENAGERS AT TRIGUNA VOCATIONAL SCHOOL
Legal counseling is a form of community service that aims to increase legal awareness and prevent early marriage among teenagers. This activity was motivated by the high risk of early marriage in Indonesia, including among students at Triguna Vocational School, which is influenced by a low understanding of the law, misguided social perceptions, and a lack of education about the impact of early marriage on the future of adolescents. The community service team conducted legal counseling with an emphasis on legal, health, educational, and socio-economic aspects as a preventive measure. The approach used was participatory and educational, actively involving students through the delivery of material, discussions, and case studies relevant to the lives of teenagers. The findings of the activity showed that some students did not understand the age limit for marriage according to the law and the legal and social consequences of early marriage. This education was able to increase students' understanding of children's rights, reproductive health risks, the potential for dropping out of school, and the long-term socio-economic impacts of early marriage. This activity was carried out at SMK Triguna, South Jakarta. This program is expected to be the first step in building legal awareness among adolescents and strengthening efforts to prevent early marriage through the active role of schools as educational and protective environments
VALIDITY OF SIGNING A NOTARY DEED WHO USES SIGNATURES AND ELECTRONIC SEALS
The development of information technology has triggered significant digitalization in legal practice, including notary. The use of electronic signatures (TTE) and electronic stamps (e-stamps) offers efficiency and flexibility, but at the same time raises the problem of validity in the context of making authentic deeds by notaries. This study analyzes: (1) the validity of signing a notary deed using TTE and electronic stamp according to positive Indonesian law; and (2) reconceptualization of the necessary arrangements to ensure legal certainty in the implementation of electronic notary deeds. With normative legal research methods based on legislative, conceptual, and comparative approaches, the study found that although the ITE Law and PP PSTE provide legitimacy to TTE and e-stamps, the Law on Notary Positions (UUJN) has not explicitly regulated the application of electronic in the minutes of the deed, so that deeds signed electronically have the potential to lose their authenticity. Comparisons with Singapore and Malaysia show that the two countries have been more progressive and adaptive in integrating electronic notarization through special regulations that provide legal certainty. This study recommends the harmonization of the UUJN with information technology regulations and the establishment of a legal framework for "cyber notary" to realize valid, safe, and effective digital authentic deeds.
LEGAL PROTECTION OF PERSONAL DATA CONFIDENTIALITY IN THE DIGITALIZATION ERA REVIEWED FROM LAW NUMBER 27 OF 2022 CONCERNING PERSONAL DATA PROTECTION
Everyone has personal data. Personal data is inherent in every person and must be protected because it is essentially everyone's right to privacy. The right to privacy is a constitutional right of citizens as stipulated in the 1945 Constitution. Constitutional rights are obligations of a state to its citizens. Personal data protection is intended to guarantee citizens' rights to personal protection and raise public awareness and guarantee recognition and respect for the importance of personal data protection. However, in practice, many violations of the right to privacy occur. On October 17, 2022, Indonesia officially passed Law Number 27 of 2022 concerning Personal Data Protection (PDP Law). With the increasingly sophisticated development of information technology, the protection of personal data has become a vital issue for maintaining individual privacy rights and information security in cyberspace. Social facts related to violations of the right to freedom of personal data can be taken from incidents related to personal confidentiality experienced by customers of telecommunications service providers, banking, and online marketplaces. Therefore, it is very important to implement public understanding regarding personal data protection and legal sanctions for those who commit violations. Supervision and law enforcement must also be a concern for government institutions so that this law has the principles of certainty and benefit
The Role of Notaries in the Transfer of Rights to Land Designated as Abandoned Land
This study examines the role of notaries in the transfer of rights over land designated as abandoned land within the Indonesian agrarian legal system. The issue of abandoned land remains a significant challenge in land governance, as land that is not productively utilized contradicts the social function of land as mandated by the Basic Agrarian Law. This research aims to analyze the authority, legal responsibilities, and practical challenges faced by notaries in facilitating the lawful transfer of rights over abandoned land. The study employs a normative juridical approach, supported by statutory analysis of agrarian and notarial regulations, as well as a review of relevant legal literature and court decisions. To complement the normative analysis, empirical data were obtained through interviews with notaries, officials of the National Land Agency, and affected community members. The findings indicate that notaries play a crucial role in ensuring legal certainty through document verification, preparation of authentic deeds, and provision of legal advice to the parties involved. However, practical obstacles remain, including incomplete land documentation, ambiguity in land status, and limited public understanding of legal procedures. The study concludes that strengthening the professionalism and due diligence of notaries is essential to prevent legal disputes and to ensure that the transfer of abandoned land rights is conducted transparently, fairly, and in accordance with applicable laws, thereby supporting effective land management and social welfare.
Political Analysis of the Granting of Pardons, Amnesty, and Abolition by the President as the Holder of Prerogative Rights
The President's authority to grant prerogative rights as stipulated in Article 14 paragraph (2) of the 1945 Constitution?, and how is the implementation and impact of the President's prerogative rights granted to prisoners?. This study aims to provide a legal-political analysis of the implementation of the President's prerogative rights in granting his prerogative rights and oversight in the process of granting pardons, amnesties, and abolitions. The research method used in this study is descriptive analysis, which aims to analyse and provide an overview of the subject and objects of the study, as well as the results of the research. Based on Article 14 of the 1945 Constitution before it was amended, the President had the authority to grant clemency, amnesty, remission of punishment, and rehabilitation. After the first amendment to the 1945 Constitution, this provision underwent minor changes, namely that in granting pardons and rehabilitation, the President must consider the recommendations of the Supreme Court, and in granting amnesty and remission of punishment, the President must consider the recommendations of the People's Representative Council, The President's prerogative to grant clemency, amnesty, abolition, and rehabilitation is part of Indonesia's legitimate and constitutionally recognized constitutional system.
Juridical Analysis of the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM): Implications for International Trade and Climate Justice
This research analyzes the role of the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) as a pivotal instrument in global environmental policy and its complex implications for international trade. The study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of CBAM in preventing 'carbon leakage' and encouraging global climate action, while also examining its compatibility with the principles of fairness and equity under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), particularly the principle of Common But Differentiated Responsibilities (CBDR). Furthermore, this paper scrutinizes the potential for trade disputes arising from CBAM under the World Trade Organization (WTO) framework. Using a normative legal research method with statute, conceptual, and case approaches, this study analyzes potential conflicts with core WTO principles, such as the Most-Favoured-Nation (MFN) and National Treatment, as well as possible justifications under GATT Article XX. The analysis also extends to the impact of CBAM on business competition, especially for industries in developing countries. The findings suggest that while CBAM has the potential to drive climate objectives, its unilateral design raises significant concerns regarding trade discrimination, fairness for developing nations, and legal consistency with WTO law, potentially leading to significant international disputes and disrupting global trade dynamics
“WISE LEGAL ADVICE ON SOCIAL MEDIA IN RELATION TO LAW NUMBER 11 OF 2008 CONCERNING ELECTRONIC INFORMATION AND TRANSACTIONS (ITE Law) at the Ashaabul Ardhi Sahabat Bumi Foundation (YASBI) in Rawa Buntu Village, Serpong District , South Tangerang” City
Legal counseling on social media wisdom is an educational program for the public, especially teenagers and vulnerable groups, to avoid violating Law Number 11 of 2008 concerning Electronic Information and Transactions (UU ITE), which regulates the management of electronic information including on social media such as Instagram, Facebook, and WhatsApp . This activity highlights the legal risks of content such as defamation (Article 27 paragraph 3), hate speech (Article 28 paragraph 2), the spread of hoax news , and the misuse of personal data, which often result in criminal sanctions up to imprisonment. Through an interactive approach in the form of presentations, discussions, case simulations, and the distribution of materials, participants are equipped with digital literacy to behave wisely: verifying information, respecting the privacy of others, and utilizing social media for positive things such as education and social collaboration. The main objective of this outreach is to increase legal awareness so that social media users do not get caught in criminal cases due to a lack of understanding of the limits of freedom of expression, while promoting the use of digital platforms that are safe, ethical, and beneficial to society. The impact includes a decrease in cases of violations of the ITE Law among participants, as seen in activities in schools and sub-districts, where participants are able to identify dangerous content and apply wise practices in everyday life. This kind of program supports the government's efforts in creating a healthy digital ecosystem in Indonesia. The use of social media has become an important part of the social life of modern society, including in the YASBI environment, Rawabuntu Sub-district , South Tangerang. However , the use of social media that is not wise potential cause various problem significant legal , social , and ethical implications . By therefore , counseling law with a wise theme socializing media that associated with Constitution Number 11 of 2008 concerning Information and Electronic Transactions Law (ITE Law) is very required as effort education and prevention . Activities This counseling is designed For give understanding deep about provisions of the ITE Law which regulate distribution electronic information , including prohibition to hoax , speech hatred , pollution Name good , and spread of negative content on social media
IMPLEMENTING THE VALUES OF PANCASILA IN DAILY LIFE AND UPHOLDING THE UNITY AND INTEGRITY OF THE INDONESIAN NATION
Pancasila as the foundation of the State implies that the values ​​contained in Pancasila serve as the basis or guidelines for the administration of the state. Pancasila as the foundation of the State implies that the values ​​of Pancasila serve as normative guidelines for state administrators. Pancasila as the foundation of the State implies that the values ​​contained in Pancasila serve as the basis for the administration of the state. Pancasila as the foundation of the State implies that the values ​​contained in Pancasila serve as normative guidelines for the administration of the state. Pancasila as the foundation implies that the values ​​contained in Pancasila serve as the basis or guidelines for state administrators. Pancasila as the foundation implies that the values ​​of Pancasila serve as normative guidelines for the administration of the state. Pancasila through a historical approach is very important and should not be underestimated in order to realize the glory of the nation in the future. Through this approach, students are expected to be able to draw lessons and/or wisdom from various historical events, both national history and the history of other nations. With a historical approach, you are expected to gain inspiration to participate in national development according to your respective study programs. Apart from that, you can also participate actively and wisely in various aspects of national and state life.
Legal Status of Collateral Taken Over (AYDA) by Banks through Auction in Bankruptcy Cases: Review of SEMA Number 3 of 2023
Collateral Taken Over (Agunan Yang Diambil Alih/ AYDA) is a collateral execution mechanism by banks in the context of resolving problem loans as regulated in the Financial Services Authority Regulation POJK Number 40 of 2019 and the Banking Law/ PPSK (Development and Strengthening of the Financial Sector). Through the auction mechanism, banks can obtain ownership of collateral that was previously the object of collateral security. However, problems arise when the debtor is declared bankrupt after the auction is carried out and the Bank as the creditor has been appointed as the buyer through the AYDA mechanism. This study aims to analyze the legal provisions of AYDA by Banks through auctions, as well as the position of AYDA by Banks in bankruptcy cases. This study uses a normative juridical method with a statutory and conceptual approach. The results of the study indicate that AYDA obtained through auctions constitutes a legal transfer of rights, and substantively, ownership has transferred to the bank. Therefore, AYDA assets should not be included as bankruptcy estate. There needs to be further regulations regarding the position of AYDA by Banks to avoid multiple interpretations of the legal status of these AYDA assets