Simulasi Performansi Panel Surya Fleksibel pada Berbagai Kondisi Atap Bangunan Menggunakan Software SAM (System Advisor Model)
Keywords:
Flexible Rooftop PV, Flexible Solar Panel, Roof Geometry, System Advisor Model (SAM), Technical Performance, Solar EnergyAbstract
Indonesia has enormous solar energy potential reaching 3,294 GW; however, the implementation of rooftop photovoltaic (PV) systems in Indonesia still faces various technical challenges, including roof structural limitations, variations in roof geometry, and the complexity of integrating systems into existing buildings. Flexible solar panels offer a promising alternative because of their lightweight properties, high flexibility, and adaptability to roof surfaces with structural constraints. Nevertheless, the technical performance of flexible PV modules is significantly influenced by roof orientation and tilt angle, which directly affect solar radiation absorption and system losses. This study aims to analyze the technical performance of flexible rooftop PV systems under various roof geometries using the System Advisor Model (SAM) software. The research employed a quantitative simulation-based approach utilizing Typical Meteorological Year (TMY) meteorological data from South Tangerang, Indonesia. The modeled system had a capacity of 3.6 kW DC using 300 W flexible PV modules and a 3 kW AC inverter. Simulation scenarios were conducted with roof tilt angles of 0°, 10°, 20°, and 30° under north-facing and south-facing orientations. The results indicate that the optimal configuration was achieved at a 10° north-facing orientation, generating 5,174 kWh annually with a 16.2% capacity factor.
Abstrak: Indonesia memiliki potensi energi surya yang sangat besar mencapai 3.294 GW, namun implementasi Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Surya (PLTS) atap di Indonesia masih menghadapi berbagai kendala teknis, seperti keterbatasan struktur atap, variasi geometri atap, serta kompleksitas integrasi sistem pada bangunan eksisting. Panel surya fleksibel menjadi alternatif yang menjanjikan karena memiliki bobot ringan, fleksibilitas tinggi, dan kemampuan adaptasi pada permukaan atap dengan keterbatasan struktural. Meskipun demikian, performa teknis modul surya fleksibel sangat dipengaruhi oleh orientasi dan sudut kemiringan atap yang berkaitan langsung dengan penerimaan radiasi matahari dan kerugian sistem. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis performa teknis PLTS atap fleksibel pada berbagai variasi geometri atap menggunakan perangkat lunak System Advisor Model (SAM). Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif berbasis simulasi dengan data meteorologi Typical Meteorological Year (TMY) wilayah Tangerang Selatan, Indonesia. Sistem yang dimodelkan memiliki kapasitas 3,6 kW DC menggunakan modul surya fleksibel 300 W dan inverter 3 kW AC. Variasi simulasi dilakukan pada sudut kemiringan 0°, 10°, 20°, dan 30° dengan orientasi utara dan selatan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan konfigurasi optimal diperoleh pada orientasi utara dengan sudut kemiringan 10°, menghasilkan energi tahunan sebesar 5.174 kWh dan capacity factor sebesar 16,2%.
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