Studi Awal Sintesis dan Evaluasi Kestabilan Hidrogel Komposit Fly Ash–Alginate untuk Adsorpsi Pb²⁺
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32493/jitk.v10i1.55444Keywords:
Fly Ash, Hidrogel, Adsorpsi, logam berat, Limbah cairAbstract
Peningkatan limbah fly ash (FA) dari PLTU di Indonesia serta risiko pencemaran logam berat mendorong pengembangan material adsorben yang efektif dan berkelanjutan. Oleh karena itu, pada penelitian ini fly ash (FA) dari PLTU dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan adsorben untuk mengatasi pencemaran logam berat, khususnya Pb²⁺. Penelitian ini berfokus pada pembuatan hidrogel komposit berbasis fly ash (FA)–sodium alginate yang dibentuk menggunakan CaCl₂ sebagai agen pengikat silang dan kemudian mengevaluasi kinerja adsorpsi hydrogel ini terhadap ion Pb²⁺ dalam sistem batch. Prosedur penelitian meliputi persiapan bahan FA, sintesis hidrogel, karakterisasi melalui uji swelling dan ketahanan fisik, uji adsorpsi Pb²⁺, serta analisis efektivitas adsorpsi menggunakan Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). Hasil karakterisasi mikrostruktur menunjukkan bahwa FA terdistribusi merata dalam jaringan tiga dimensi hidrogel. Formulasi FA-D memiliki ketahanan fisik paling stabil dan nilai swelling 0,91%, menandakan struktur yang kompak dan ikatan silang optimal. Kondisi adsorpsi terbaik diperoleh pada kecepatan pengadukan 500 rpm selama 150 menit, yang menghasilkan kestabilan fisik dan penurunan kekeruhan yang efisien. Uji adsorpsi menunjukkan bahwa komposisi FA-D memiliki persen removal tertinggi terhadap Pb²⁺ sebesar 98,21%. Secara keseluruhan, hidrogel berbasis FA terbukti efektif sebagai adsorben logam berat dan berpotensi diterapkan sebagai material alternatif yang ekonomis dan ramah lingkungan untuk pengolahan air tercemar.
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