Silica Shape Modification of Coal Fly Ash using Polyvinyl Alcohol for Carbon Capture Adsorbent
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32493/jitk.v10i2.59903Keywords:
Fly Ash, Mesoporous Silica, PVA, Carbon Capture, CO₂ AdsorptionAbstract
CO₂ emissions from coal combustion require effective and economical carbon capture technologies. This study develops a silica-based adsorbent derived from coal fly ash modified with Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) to enhance CO₂ adsorption. Mesoporous silica was synthesized using a template-assisted hydrothermal method at 120°C for 10, 14, and 18 hours, followed by calcination at 550°C. The material was modified with varying PVA ratios and tested using a breakthrough adsorption method. Characterization was conducted using XRD and SEM. Results show that longer hydrothermal time and higher PVA ratio improve pore structure, breakthrough time, and CO₂ adsorption capacity. The 18-hour hydrothermal sample with the highest PVA ratio exhibited the best performance. The modified fly ash-based adsorbent demonstrates strong potential for economical carbon capture applications.
References
Anggriani, N. K., Budianto, A., Hadi, K. A., dan Alaydrus, A. T. 2024. Identifikasi Hubungan Antara Konsentrasi Gas Karbon Dioksida Terhadap Persentase Efek Plasebo di Daerah Sumber Emisi. KAPPA Journal, 8(3): 338–343. https://doi.org/10.29408/kpj.v8i3.27851
Bai, F., Liu, X., Sani, S., Liu, Y., Guo, W., dan Sun, C. 2022. Amine functionalized mesocellular silica foam as highly efficient sorbents for CO₂ capture. Separation and Purification Technology, 299: 121539.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2022.121539
Carbon Sequestration Leadership Forum. 2021. The Carbon Sequestration Leadership Forum (CSLF) Technology Roadmap 2021. Washington DC: CSLF Publications.
Datye, A. dan DeLaRiva, A. 2023. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Dalam: Wachs, I. E. dan Bañares, M. A. (Ed.). Springer Handbook of Advanced Catalyst Characterization. Springer.
Dilshad, M. R., Islam, A., Haider, B., Sajid, M., Ijaz, A., Khan, R. U., dan Khan, W. G. 2021. Effect of silica nanoparticles on carbon dioxide separation performances of PVA/PEG cross-linked membranes. Chemical Papers, 75: 3131–3153.https://doi.org/10.1007/s11696-020-01486-7
Ekadenti, A., Pardoyo, P., dan Sriyanti, S. 2023. Pengaruh pH terhadap sintesis silika gel dari limbah geotermal dengan penambahan CTAB untuk adsorpsi Rhodamine B. Greensphere: Journal of Environmental Chemistry, 3(1): 20–25.https://doi.org/10.14710/gjec.2023.16160
Elhenawy, S., Abdelkader, A., dan Rashad, M. 2024. Morphological and surface characteristics of nanostructured adsorbents for water purification applications. Nanomaterials, 14(21): 1707.
Fatimah, Turmuzi, M., Syam, Z. L., & Yunita, T. P. 2023. Pengaruh Konsentrasi Pelarut NaOH dan Waktu Aging pada Pembuatan Silika Gel dari Fly Ash Batu Bara. Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU, 12(2), 124-131. https://doi.org/10.32734/jtk.v12i2.13314
Gasparotto, J. dan Martinello, K. D. B. 2021. Coal as an energy source and its impacts on human health. Energy Geoscience, 2(2): 113–120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engeos.2020.07.003
Ghazali, N. A., Yusoff, R., dan Zakaria, R. 2020. Enhanced CO₂ adsorption performance using mesoporous silica functionalized with deep eutectic solvents. Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 9(3): 2951–2963.
Guo, X., Zhang, Y., Liu, H., dan Wang, J. 2023. Effect of surface morphology and porosity on adsorption performance of silica-based adsorbents. Materials Chemistry and Physics, 307: 127617.
Haleem, N., Khattak, A., Hoursal, Y., Sajid, M., Shahzad, Z., dan Raza, H. 2022. Development of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) based biochar nanofibers for carbon dioxide adsorption. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 157: 112019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2021.112019
Hanum, F. F. dan Rahayu, A. 2021. Studi pemanfaatan dan metode pemisahan silika dari coal fly ash. Open Science and Technology, 2(1): 26–32. https://doi.org/10.33292/ost.v2i1.44
Haris, M. I., Takdir, N., Safitri, A., Habibi, A. R., Fatmawati, A., Pangestika, Y., Jannah, M., Palupi, D., Alfikri, M. R., Burhan, A. R., Fitrianti, V., Yulianti, M. E. P., Alkawi, dan Harsachatri, D. O. 2025. Biologi Dasar. Padang: Azzia Karya Bersama.
Huang, T. T., Lin, Y. C., dan Chen, S. Y. 2022. Preparation and characterization of porous silica/PVA composites for adsorption applications. Journal of Porous Materials, 29(6): 1741–1752.
Huang, T. T., Rahmadiawan, D., dan Shi, S. C. 2024. Synthesis and characterization of porous silica and composite films for enhanced CO₂ adsorption. Journal of Materials Research and Technology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2024.08.003
Ikmal, M. B., Daffa, M., dan Triana, N. W. 2025. Ekstraksi silika berbahan dasar coal fly ash menggunakan natrium hidroksida. Jurnal Teknik Kimia, 10(3): 14071–14077. https://repository.upnjatim.ac.id/id/eprint/42921
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. 2007. Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. 2014. Climate Change 2014: Synthesis Report. New York: IPCC.
International Energy Agency. 2021. Net Zero by 2050: A Roadmap for the Global Energy Sector. Paris: IEA.
Juárez-Serrano, N., dkk. 2021. Effect of reaction time and hydrothermal treatment on the textural properties of SBA-15. Catalysts, 11(7): 808. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal11070808
Khumalo, N., Mthembu, P., dan Mamba, B. B. 2023. Relationship between SEM-observed morphology and adsorption capacity of polymer–silica composite adsorbents. Polymers, 15(18): 3894.
Kiani, D. (2023). X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). In: Wachs, I.E., Bañares, M.A. (eds) Springer Handbook of Advanced Catalyst Characterization. Springer Handbooks. Springer, Cham.
Kim, S., Jung, M., Han, S., Jeon, H., dan Han, Y. 2022. Effect of poly(vinyl alcohol) concentration on micro/mesopore structure of SBA-15 silica. Materials, 15: 1–11. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15248900
Kinasti, R. M. A., & Notodisuryo, D. N. 2018. Pemanfaatan limbah pembakaran batubara (bottom ash) pada PLTU Suralaya sebagai media tanam dalam upaya mengurangi pencemaran lingkungan. KILAT, 6(2), 129–138.
Li, H., Wu, C., Yu, X., & Zhang, W. 2023. Recent advances of PVA-based hydrogels in cartilage repair application. Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 24, 2279-2298. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2023.03.130
Li, Z. dan Yao, J. 2023. Application of Scanning Electron Microscopy in Two Dimensional Material Characterization. International Conference on Functional Materials and Civil Engineering, Eliwise Academy,170-176. https://doi.org/10.54254/2755-2721/23/20230648
Machmudah, S., Riyanto, A., Hilmi, A. R., Purwaningsih, S. Y., Mashuri, M., dan Pratapa, S. 2025. Thermomechanical properties of PVA composites reinforced with rice husk-derived silica polymorphs. Materials Research Innovations, 29(5): 316–326. https://doi.org/10.1080/14328917.2025.2458873
Manik, R., Prasetyo, A., dan Wibowo, A. 2024. Adsorpsi CO₂ menggunakan manik kitosan–silika gel. Jurnal Teknik Kimia, 18(2): 95–103.
Muhammad, A., Muhammad, Z., Ullah, A., Muhammad, R., & Ramzan, N. 2021. Thermo-economic analysis of integrated gasification combined cycle co-generation system with carbon capture and integrated with absorption refrigeration system. Energy Conversion and Management, 248, 114782. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2021.114782
Nurfitria, N., & Febriyantiningrum, K. 2023. Studi Potensi Pemanfaatan Limbah Fly Ash Batu Bara Berdasarkan Kajian Parameter Kimia. Biology Natural Resources Journal, 2(1), 43-47. https://doi.org/10.55719/binar.v2i2.723
Phadkule, S., Kumar, N., Nigrawal, A., Ball, R. J., dan Kurchania, R. 2022. XRD study of PVA and PVA composite films with silica nanoparticles. Nano Hybrids and Composites, 2022.
Riana, M. R. 2021. Analisa Kualitas Batubara Terhadap Efisiensi Pembakaran Pada Boiler Unit 1 Pltu Suralaya, Merak, Banten. Jurnal Eksakta Kebumian, 2(2), 168-178. https://doi.org/10.25105/jek.v1i2.10727
Riyanto, A., Machmudah, S., Purwaningsih, S. Y., dan Pratapa, S. 2024. Effect of amorphous silica from rice husk on the structure and optical properties of PVA. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2900(1): 012011. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2900/1/012011
Sari, E. K., Putri, Y. E., Lindawati, L., Desromi, F., & Nurmeyliandari, R. 2023. Potensi Dan Karakteristik Limbah Padat Fly Ash Dan Bottom Ash Hasil Pembakaran Batubara PT. Bakti Nugraha Yuda Energy Terhadap Kuat Tekan Paving Block. Jurnal Deformasi, 8(1), 23-30. https://doi.org/10.31851/deformasi.v8i1.11302
Samsuri, M., Widodo, H., Wulandari, R., Putra, E. Y. G., Farida, I. L., Ramadhania, V. S., Priyatna E.N. 2025. Sintesis dan Karakterisasi Nanopartikel TiO2, Al, dan Zn dengan Metode Hydrotermal. Jurnal Sains dan Edukasi Sains. 8(1):1-6. https://doi.org/10.24246/juses.v8i1p1-6
Semin, Cahyono, B., Kusuma, I. R., Santoso, A. 2022. Energi dan Produksi Bahan Bakar Gas. Pekalongan: Nasya Expanding Management.
Shaw, R., & Mukherjee, S. 2022. The development of carbon capture and storage (CCS) in India: A critical review. Carbon Capture Science & Technology, 2, 100036. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccst.2022.100036
Shervani, S., Tansug, L. P., & Tezel, F. H. 2024. Microporous adsorbent-based mixed matrix membranes for CO₂/N₂ separation. Energies, 17(8), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.3390/en17081927
Sibarani, R., Abdullah, dan Hariani, P. L. 2025. Modification of SiO₂ from rice husk with polyvinyl alcohol as adsorbent of Congo red dye. Indonesian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Chemistry, 10(2): 117–125. http://dx.doi.org/10.24845/ijfac.v10.i2.117
Soo, X. Y. D. 2024. Advancements in CO₂ capture by absorption and adsorption. Elsevier.
Tampubolon, F. R. S., Yuwono, A. S., Tambunan, A. H., & Achsani, N. A. 2021. Penggunaan Bahan Bakar Alternatif dalam Pengelolaan Tambang Batubara sebagai Sumber Energi untuk Mengurangi Dampak Terhadap Lingkungan. J. Ilmu Lingkung, 19(1), 89-97. https://doi.org/10.14710/jil.19.1.89-97
Takwanto, A., Maryanty, Y., Mustikarini, A.W., Sari, D.W., Juliansyah, R.K. 2023. Komposit Zeolit-Polivinil Alkohol sebagai Adsorben untuk Menurunkan Kesadahan Air Tanah. Jurnal Riset Kimia, 14(2), 131-144. https://doi.org/10.25077/jrk.v14i2.597
Wilberforce, T., Olabi, A. G., Sayed, E. T., Elsaid, K., & Abdelkareem, M. A. 2021. Progress in carbon capture technologies. Science of The Total Environment, 761, 143203. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143203
Yargıç, A. Ş., dan Şener, M. 2025. Mesoporous silica–polyethyleneimine composites as high-capacity adsorbents for CO₂ adsorption. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 236(151). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-025-07782-w
Zaky, R. F. M. dan Sari, D. A. 2024. Upaya pereduksian emisi karbon dioksida (CO₂) di Indonesia melalui analisis integrasi power-to-gas dengan PLTU batubara. Sprocket: Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 5(2): 66–75. https://doi.org/10.36655/sprocket.v5i2.1333
Zarabadipour, M., Soleimani, M., dan Afshar, M. G. 2025. Application of functionalized Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ as an adsorbent for heavy metal removal. Results in Chemistry, 17: 102514. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rechem.2025.102514
Zentou, H. 2025. Recent advances and challenges in solid sorbents for CO₂ capture. ScienceDirect.
Zhang, Y., Liu, H., dan Sun, J. 2024. Recent advances in activated carbon for CO₂ adsorption. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 12(2): 110012.
Zhang, L., Zhao, Y., dan Li, X. 2021. Influence of particle aggregation and surface roughness on adsorption behavior of silica-based materials. Applied Surface Science, 563: 150362.
Zhao, P., Yin, Y., Xu, X., Yang, D., Wang, J., Yang, F., dan Zhang, G. 2022. Facile fabrication of mesoporous silica as support for solid amine CO₂ adsorbents with enhanced adsorption capacity and kinetics. Energy, 253: 124162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2022.124162
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Budi Santoso, Aslam Ghifaar, Cristian Marpaung
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
1. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0 that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
2. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Kimia have CC-BY-SA or an equivalent license as the optimal license for the publication, distribution, use, and reuse of scholarly work.
In developing strategy and setting priorities, Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Kimia recognize that free access is better than priced access, libre access is better than free access, and libre under CC-BY-SA or the equivalent is better than libre under more restrictive open licenses. We should achieve what we can when we can. We should not delay achieving free in order to achieve libre, and we should not stop with free when we can achieve libre.
Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Kimia is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
YOU ARE FREE TO:
- Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format
- Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially.
- The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms.
