Effect of Glycerol Variation on the Characteristics of Bioplastics Based on Avocado Seed Starch and Pineapple Leaf Cellulose
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32493/jitk.v10i2.61752Keywords:
Bioplastic, Avocado Seed Starch, Pineapple Leaf Cellulose, glycerol, BiodegradabilityAbstract
The increasing accumulation of synthetic plastic waste has encouraged the development of biodegradable plastics from renewable biomass. This study investigated the effect of glycerol concentration on bioplastics produced from avocado seed starch reinforced with pineapple leaf cellulose using the solution casting method. Water resistance, biodegradability, and mechanical properties were evaluated. The lowest water absorption was obtained by sample L (1.875 g avocado seed starch, 1.125 g pineapple leaf cellulose, and 5 mL glycerol) at 156.02%, while the highest was recorded for sample D at 368.72%. Higher cellulose content produced a denser polymer matrix, improving water resistance, whereas glycerol enhanced flexibility but maintained the material's hydrophilic nature. All samples biodegraded within 14 days, with samples A and C completely degraded. These findings indicate that avocado seed starch and pineapple leaf cellulose have strong potential as renewable raw materials for environmentally friendly biodegradable packaging.
References
Ahmed, Md. M., Nabi, Md. H. B., Mia, Md. S., Ahmad, I., & Zzaman, W. (2025). Valorization of plant-based agro-waste into sustainable food packaging materials: Current approaches and functional applications. Applied Food Research, 5(2), 101368. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.afres.2025.101368
Attallah, O. A., Mojicevic, M., Garcia, E. L., Azeem, M., Chen, Y., Asmawi, S., & Brenan Fournet, M. (2021). Macro and Micro Routes to High Performance Bioplastics: Bioplastic Biodegradability and Mechanical and Barrier Properties. Polymers, 13(13), 2155. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13132155
Basri, S., Ahmad, B., Rismawati, N., & Pakaya, R. (2020). Mikroplastik Di Lingkungan.
De Dios-Avila, N., Tirado-Gallegos, J. M., Rios-Velasco, C., Luna-Esquivel, G., Isiordia-Aquino, N., Zamudio-Flores, P. B., Estrada-Virgen, M. O., & Cambero-Campos, O. J. (2022). Physicochemical, Structural, Thermal and Rheological Properties of Flour and Starch Isolated from Avocado Seeds of Landrace and Hass Cultivars. Molecules, 27(3), 910. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27030910
Hamzah, F. H., Sitompul, F. F., Universitas Riau, Ayu, D. F., Universitas Riau, Pramana, A., & Universitas Riau. (2021). Effect of the Glycerol Addition on the Physical Characteristics of Biodegradable Plastic Made from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch. Industria: Jurnal Teknologi Dan Manajemen Agroindustri, 10(3), 239–248. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.industria.2021.010.03.5
Intandiana, S., Dawam, A. H., Denny, Y. R., Septiyanto, R. F., & Affifah, I. (2019). Pengaruh Karakteristik Bioplastik Pati Singkong dan Selulosa Mikrokristalin Terhadap Sifat Mekanik dan Hidrofobisitas. EduChemia (Jurnal Kimia dan Pendidikan), 4(2), 185. https://doi.org/10.30870/educhemia.v4i2.5953
Judith, L., & Ridovich-Kei. (2025). Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/science/plastic-pollution/Plastic-pollution-in-oceans-and-on-land
Jumiati, E., Husnah, M., & Nafisah, S. (2023). Analisis Sifat Mekanik Plastik Biodegradable Pati Biji Alpukat Dan Selulosa Sekam Padi. https://doi.org/10.31258/jkfi.20.1.69-74
Kristiningsih, A., Wittriansyah, K., Hastuti, H. D., & Sodikin, J. (2024). Karakteristik Fisik Bioplastik Kitosan Dengan penambahan Selulosa Kulit Nipah (Nypa fruticans). Journal of Marine Research, 13(4), 721–730. https://doi.org/10.14710/jmr.v13i4.47813
Macena, J. F. F., Souza, J. C. A. D., Camilloto, G. P., & Cruz, R. S. (2020). Physico-chemical, morphological and technological properties of the avocado (Persea americana Mill. Cv. Hass) seed starch. Ciência e Agrotecnologia, 44, e001420. https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-7054202044001420
Nawangsari, P., Fatra, W., Kusuma, A., & Badri, M. (2024). Microcellulose From Pineapple Leaf Fiber As A Potential Sustainable Material: Extraction And Characterization. Jurnal Polimesin, 22(1). https://doi.org/10.30811/jpl.v22i1
Putri, M. M., & Nurainy, F. (2023). Formulation of Glycerol and Cmc in Making Biodegradable Film Pineapple Leaf Based. https://doi.org/10.23960/jab.v2i2.8029
Sari, A. D. K., Fitri, M. A., Sa’id, M. H., & Azizah, Z. (2025). Studi Kuat Tarik dan Biodegradasi Bioplastik Pati Jagung dengan Sorbitol dan Selulosa Serabut Kelapa. Greensphere: Journal of Environmental Chemistry, 5(1), 45–52. https://doi.org/10.14710/gjec.2025.27050
Tarique, J., Sapuan, S. M., & Khalina, A. (2021). Effect of glycerol plasticizer loading on the physical, mechanical, thermal, and barrier properties of arrowroot (Maranta arundinacea) starch biopolymers. Scientific Reports, 11(1), 13900. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-93094-y
Zaenab, Z., Sasria, N., & Lubis, M. P. D. (2023). Pengaruh CarboxyMethyl Cellulose Terhadap Sifat Bioplastik Berbasis Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit dan Plasticizer Gliserol. ALCHEMY:Journal of Chemistry, 11(2), 25–31. https://doi.org/10.18860/al.v11i2.20389
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Lily Arlianti, Rizky Eka Febriani, Ismi Nurlatifah
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
1. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0 that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
2. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Kimia have CC-BY-SA or an equivalent license as the optimal license for the publication, distribution, use, and reuse of scholarly work.
In developing strategy and setting priorities, Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Kimia recognize that free access is better than priced access, libre access is better than free access, and libre under CC-BY-SA or the equivalent is better than libre under more restrictive open licenses. We should achieve what we can when we can. We should not delay achieving free in order to achieve libre, and we should not stop with free when we can achieve libre.
Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Kimia is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
YOU ARE FREE TO:
- Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format
- Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially.
- The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms.
