KONSTRUKSI GANTI KERUGIAN AKIBAT PUTUSAN LEPAS DARI SEGALA TUNTUTAN HUKUM DALAM HUKUM ACARA PIDANA DI INDONESIA
Abstract
One of the characteristics of a rule of law is the recognition of human rights, which includes not only acknowledgment of individuals as human beings but also legal certainty and legal protection of the human rights attached to them wherever they are. Indonesia explicitly affirms itself as a constitutional state under Article 1 paragraph (3) of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, and therefore also guarantees human rights within its constitutional framework. Legal protection against human rights violations must be enforced against various forms of violations, whether committed by individuals within society or by authorities as state administrators and power holders. In the Criminal Procedure Code (KUHAP), protection of human rights is reflected through compensation and rehabilitation for suspects, defendants, or convicts who are arrested, detained, prosecuted, or tried without legal basis or due to mistaken identity or misapplication of law as regulated in Article 95 paragraph (1), and the right to rehabilitation as stipulated in Article 97 paragraph (1) for individuals who are acquitted or released from all legal charges with permanent legal force. This study examines a case concerning alleged human trafficking and exploitation of minors in which the defendant was acquitted of all charges on the basis that the alleged actions were proven but not considered criminal acts. Subsequently, through legal counsel, the defendant submitted a pretrial application requesting compensation for the legal process that caused harm, as guaranteed under KUHAP; however, the panel of judges rejected the compensation request. Thisraises concerns that the defendant did not obtain justice despite being acquitted. Therefore, this research analyzes the legal reasoning of the judges, which is considered inconsistent with legal certainty and applicable positive law, by conducting a juridical and theoretical examination of the decision rejecting the compensation claim.
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