Analisis Struktur Material Stainless Steel 304 Menggunakan Metode NDT PMI (Positive Material Identification) Berbasis XRF dan Uji Kekerasan
Keywords:
Baja Tahan Karat 304, Kekerasan Brinell, PMI-XRF, Komposisi Kimia, Pengujian Tanpa MerusakAbstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi kandungan unsur logam dan karakteristik kekerasan baja tahan karat AISI 304 (SS304) untuk menilai kesesuaiannya sebagai material yang mengacu pada standar ASTM A182/A182M-14b F304. Pengujian kekerasan dilakukan menggunakan metode Brinell untuk menentukan ketahanan material terhadap penetrasi beban tekan pada spesimen uji. Analisis kandungan unsur dilakukan dengan metode Positive Material Identification (PMI) berbasis X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) guna memperoleh jenis unsur penyusun serta persentase kandungannya dalam material. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa ketiga spesimen SS304 memiliki nilai kekerasan rata-rata sebesar 155 HB. Analisis PMI-XRF memperlihatkan bahwa komposisi kimia rata-rata dari ketiga spesimen berturut-turut adalah nikel (Ni) 8,13%, besi (Fe) 71,83%, mangan (Mn) 1,17%, krom (Cr) 18,19%, vanadium (V) 0,102%, tembaga (Cu) 0,220%, dan molibdenum (Mo) 0,020%. Kombinasi nilai kekerasan dan komposisi kimia tersebut menunjukkan bahwa material yang diuji konsisten dengan karakteristik umum baja tahan karat austenitik tipe 304 serta berpotensi memenuhi persyaratan sifat mekanik dan komposisi untuk aplikasi industri sesuai standar yang dirujuk.
Abstract: This study aims to identify the elemental composition and hardness characteristics of AISI 304 stainless steel (SS304) to evaluate its conformity with the ASTM A182/A182M-14b Grade F304 standard. Brinell hardness testing was employed to determine the material’s resistance to indentation under compressive loading on three test specimens. Elemental composition was analyzed using Positive Material Identification (PMI) based on X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), which enables qualitative and quantitative determination of the constituent elements in the material. The experimental results show that the three SS304 specimens have an average Brinell hardness value of 155 HB. PMI-XRF analysis indicates that the average chemical composition of the specimens consists of nickel (Ni) 8.13%, iron (Fe) 71.83%, manganese (Mn) 1.17%, chromium (Cr) 18.19%, vanadium (V) 0.102%, copper (Cu) 0.220%, and molybdenum (Mo) 0.020%. The combination of hardness values and chemical composition confirms that the tested material is consistent with the typical characteristics of austenitic stainless steel type 304 and indicates its potential to meet the mechanical property and composition requirements for industrial applications in accordance with the referenced standard.
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