Online Disinhibition Effect: Tinjauan Sistematis dan Implikasinya terhadap Etika Kewargaan Digital
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32493/jurnalpkn.v13i2.59412Keywords:
Online Disinhibition Effect, Perilaku Daring, Etika Kewargaan DigitalAbstract
Perkembangan teknologi digital telah mengubah pola interaksi manusia dan memunculkan fenomena Online Disinhibition Effect (ODE), yang berimplikasi pada perilaku dan etika dalam ruang digital. Namun, kajian mengenai Online Disinhibition Effect (ODE) masih menunjukkan fragmentasi konseptual dan metodologis, yang ditandai oleh dominasi pendekatan kuantitatif berbasis cross-sectional, keterbatasan eksplorasi konteks sosial-budaya, serta kecenderungan fokus pada dimensi toxic disinhibition dibandingkan aspek prososialnya, sehingga menghasilkan pemahaman yang parsial terhadap kompleksitas fenomena ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mensintesis fenomena ODE, faktor yang memengaruhinya, dampaknya terhadap etika digital, serta implikasinya dalam perspektif etika kewargaan digital. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan Systematic Literature Review (SLR) dengan protokol PRISMA terhadap artikel dari Scopus, Web of Science, dan Google Scholar . Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ODE dipengaruhi oleh interaksi antara faktor teknis platform (anonimitas, invisibilitas, asinkronitas), faktor psikologis (kontrol diri, empati, moral disengagement), dan faktor sosial-kontekstual. Dampak ODE didominasi oleh toxic disinhibition, seperti cyberbullying, trolling, penyebaran hoaks, serta pelanggaran norma komunikasi, yang berimplikasi pada degradasi kualitas ruang publik digital. Penelitian menegaskan bahwa ODE merupakan fenomena sosio-teknis yang memerlukan pendekatan integratif. Oleh karena itu, disarankan penguatan pendidikan etika kewargaan digital, pengembangan regulasi diri pengguna, serta desain platform yang meningkatkan akuntabilitas dan meminimalkan perilaku toksik.
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