Tanggung Jawab Hukum dan Etika Profesi Guru dalam Kekerasan Psikis terhadap Peserta Didik

Abstract

This study examines teachers’ legal responsibility and professional ethics in psychological violence, particularly humiliating students in educational settings. The problem arises from the continuing perception that harsh reprimands or public disclosure of students’ mistakes may be used as disciplinary practices, although such actions can undermine students’ dignity and cause psychological harm. The study employed a qualitative socio-legal approach within an interpretive paradigm. Data were collected through interviews, observations, documentation, and literature review, and analyzed descriptively through coding, categorization, interpretation, and legal analysis. The findings indicate that the boundary between educational discipline and psychological violence is determined by the purpose, manner of communication, setting, proportionality, repetition, impact, and the response following an incident. Professional ethics functions preventively, while law provides an accountability mechanism when an act fulfills relevant legal elements. The study proposes an educational and fair resolution model consisting of safe reporting, fact clarification, student protection, recovery, teacher development, proportionate sanctions, and school-culture evaluation. Its main contribution is the concept of dual moral-legal responsibility, integrating legality, ethicality, pedagogical appropriateness, and student protection.