Civic Responsibility Sebagai Fondasi Kewarganegaraan Digital Dalam Menghadapi Fenomena Akun Anomali Di Ruang Publik Digital

Abstract

This study is motivated by the phenomenon of anomalous accounts, including automated bots, coordinated buzzers, and covert accounts posing as ordinary users, which have become part of the digital public sphere, including in Indonesia. Their presence disrupts information flows and may undermine the prerequisites for healthy public deliberation, namely identity transparency, source traceability, and willingness to engage in rational argumentation. This study aims to examine how civic responsibility, as one of the civic typologies formulated by Westheimer and Kahne and further developed in contemporary digital citizenship studies, can be positioned as a normative foundation for digital citizenship in addressing this phenomenon. The study employs a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach using the PRISMA protocol through four stages: identification, screening, eligibility assessment, and final synthesis. Searches using the keywords civic responsibility, digital citizenship, anomalous accounts, bots, buzzers, coordinated inauthentic behavior, and digital public sphere initially identified 58 records, of which 14 studies met the eligibility criteria. The findings reveal three main points: civic responsibility should encompass personal responsibility, participation, and critical awareness; anomalous accounts operate as coordinated ecosystems; and strengthening civic responsibility may constrain manipulation through critical literacy and collective awareness. This study contributes to developing a digital citizenship framework that integrates ethical-personal and structural-technological dimensions within Indonesia’s digital public sphere.