Kejahatan Internasional Ditinjau dari Segi Kejahatan Perang
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32493/SKD.v12i1.y2025.52083Keywords:
kejahatan internasional, kejahatan perang, hukum humaniter, Mahkamah Pidana Internasional, pertanggungjawaban individualAbstract
Kejahatan perang adalah salah satu kejahatan internasional yang paling serius dan diatur dalam berbagai instrumen hukum internasional, seperti Statuta Roma 1998 dan Konvensi Jenewa 1949. Artikel ini mengkaji kejahatan perang dengan pendekatan yuridis-normatif berdasarkan studi kepustakaan terhadap regulasi internasional dan praktik peradilan internasional, seperti Mahkamah Pidana Internasional (ICC) dan ICTY. Kejahatan perang ditandai oleh pelanggaran berat hukum humaniter internasional dalam konflik bersenjata, baik internasional maupun non-internasional. Karakteristik utama kejahatan perang mencakup kekerasan sistematis, keterlibatan aktor negara dan non-negara, serta pelanggaran hak asasi manusia yang bersifat kolektif. Penegakan hukum terhadap pelaku kejahatan perang menghadapi tantangan, seperti yurisdiksi universal, hambatan politik internasional, dan kurangnya kemauan negara besar untuk menyerahkan warganya. Artikel ini juga menyoroti pentingnya pertanggungjawaban individu dan superior responsibility. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa kejahatan perang harus tetap menjadi perhatian utama dalam hukum internasional untuk menciptakan dunia yang adil dan melindungi korban konflik bersenjata.
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