DESAIN DAN PENGEMBANGAN FILAMEN BIODEGRADABLE UNTUK FUSED DEPOSITION MODELING
Keywords:
3D Printing, Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM), PLA, Biochar Tempurung Kelapa, Kekuatan Tarik, Kekuatan Lentur, KompositAbstract
Teknologi pencetakan tiga dimensi (3D Printing) dengan metode Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) semakin banyak digunakan dalam berbagai bidang industri karena kemampuannya menghasilkan produk dengan bentuk yang kompleks, biaya yang relatif rendah, dan waktu produksi yang singkat. Salah satu material yang umum digunakan pada proses FDM adalah Polylactic Acid (PLA), yang bersifat ramah lingkungan dan dapat terurai secara hayati (biodegradable). Namun, PLA memiliki keterbatasan pada beberapa sifat mekaniknya sehingga diperlukan pengembangan material komposit dengan penambahan bahan penguat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh penambahan biochar tempurung kelapa, pola infill, dan ketebalan lapisan (layer thickness) terhadap sifat mekanik komposit PLA yang diproduksi menggunakan teknologi FDM. Metode penelitian meliputi pembuatan biochar dari tempurung kelapa menggunakan muffle furnace, fabrikasi filamen komposit PLA-biochar menggunakan ekstruder, pencetakan spesimen menggunakan printer 3D FDM, serta pengujian tarik dan lentur. Pengujian tarik dilakukan sesuai standar ASTM D638 menggunakan Universal Testing Machine (UTM). Variabel penelitian yang digunakan meliputi persentase biochar sebesar 3%, pola infill paralel (0°, 0°), default (-45°, 45°), dan vertikal (90°, 90°), serta ketebalan lapisan 0,15 mm, 0,20 mm, dan 0,25 mm. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa parameter proses pencetakan dan persentase biochar berpengaruh terhadap sifat mekanik spesimen. Nilai kekuatan tarik tertinggi sebesar 15,3 MPa diperoleh pada spesimen dengan kandungan biochar 3%, pola infill paralel (0°, 0°), dan ketebalan lapisan 0,15 mm. Hasil tersebut menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan biochar tempurung kelapa sebagai bahan penguat komposit PLA berpotensi meningkatkan performa mekanik material hasil pencetakan 3D.
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