ANALISIS HUKUM TINDAK PIDANA ILLEGAL FISHING DI LAUT NATUNA YANG DILAKUKAN NELAYAN TIONGKOK TAHUN 2016 SERTA KAITANNYA DENGAN UNCLOS 1982 MENGENAI ZEE

Minati Indriani; Eva Ruzana; Feny Alfiani; Rizki Arfah; Sri Lisnawati

Authors

Minati Indriani Magister Hukum Universitas Pamulang
Eva Ruzana
Feny Alfiani
Rizki Arfah
Sri Lisnawati

Abstract

In international law as regulated in Article 46 of the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) which was ratified by Indonesia through Law Number 17 of 1985 concerning the Ratification of the United Nations Convention of the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS 1982). Indonesia as an archipelagic country has full rights over its territorial waters of 12 miles and sovereign rights over the waters of the exclusive economic zone (EEZ), additional zones and the continental shelf. However, in Indonesia there are often violations committed by irresponsible parties such as fishermen and foreign ships that carry out illegal fishing activities. Illegal fishing is a form of crime that is prohibited by law. The purpose of this study was to find out how the Exclusive Zone area arrangement based on UNCLOS 1982 and legal analysis of the criminal act of Illegal Fishing committed by Chinese fishermen in 2016. The method used in this study was normative juridical. The results of this study indicate that the rules regarding fisheries or Illegal Fishing are explained in UNCLOS 1982, especially in CHAPTER V and CHAPTER VI concerning the Exclusive Economic Zone and the Continental Shelf. According to UNCLOS 1982, Chinese fishing vessels have violated the sovereign rights of the coastal state in the jurisdiction of the EEZ and the Continental Shelf. Meanwhile, based on the National Law, Chinese fishermen have violated several articles in Law No. 45 of 2009 concerning Fisheries, violations related to permits, use of crew members and intervention/interference in law enforcement by Indonesian officials.

Keywords: Natuna Sea, Illegal Fishing, UNCLOS

References

Buku & Jurnal:

Ayu Saraswati, Deliana, dan Joko Setiyono. 2017. Yurisdiksi Kriminal Negara Dalam Penenggelaman Kapal Pelaku Tindak Pidana Illegal Fishing Di Perairan Indonesia. LAW REFORM. Volume. 13. Nomor. 2. Bandung. Oktober.

Chapsos, Ioannis, dan Steve Hamilton. 2019. Illegal Fishing and Fisheries Crime as a Transnational Organized Crime in Indonesia. Trends in Organized Crime. Volume. 22. Nomor. 3. Coventry. Januari.

Efritadewi, Ayu dan Wan Jefrizal. 2017. Penenggelaman Kapal Illegal Fishing Di Wilayah Indonesia Dalam Perspektif Hukum Internasional. Jurnal Selat. Volume. 4. Nomor. 2. Riau. Agustus.

Etty, Agoes. 2008. Beberapa ketentuan Konvensi PBB Tentang Hukum Laut 1982 yang berkaitan dengan Hukum Maritim. Bandung. Fakultas Hukum Universitas Padjajaran.

Haryanto, dan Joko Setiyono. 2017. Kebijakan Penenggelaman Kapal Asing Pelaku Illegal Fishing Oleh Pemerintah Indonesia Dalam Persfektif Hukum Pidana Internasional. LAW REFORM. Volume. 13, Nomor. 1. Bandung. Oktober.

Indriani, Iin, et al. "PEMBINAAN PENGELOLAAN LAHAN TEPI PANTAI BERDASARKAN ASPEK HUKUM DAN PENGEMBANGAN INDUSTRI." Abdi Laksana: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat 1.3 (2020): 406-411.

Iqbal, Muhamad Iqbal, Susanto Susanto, and Moh Sutoro. "Functionalization of E-Court System in Eradicating Judicial Corruption at The Level of Administrative Management." Jurnal Dinamika Hukum 19.2 (2019): 370-388.

Iqbal, Muhamad, Susanto Susanto, and Moh Sutoro. "E-COURT DALAM TANTANGAN MENEKAN POTENSI KORUPSI DI PENGADILAN." PROCEEDINGS UNIVERSITAS PAMULANG 1.1 (2020).

Iqbal, Muhamad. "Efektifitas Hukum Dan Upaya Menangkal Hoax Sebagai Konsekuesni Negatif Perkembangan Interkasi Manusia." Literasi Hukum 3.2 (2019): 1-9.

Iqbal, Muhamad. "Implementasi Efektifitas Asas Oportunitas di Indonesia Dengan Landasan Kepentingan Umum." Jurnal Surya Kencana Satu: Dinamika Masalah Hukum dan Keadilan 9.1 (2018): 87-100.

Iqbal, Muhamad. "Perkembangan kejahatan dalam upaya penegakan hukum pidana: Penanggulangan kejahatan profesional perdagangan organ tubuh manusia." PROCEEDINGS UNIVERSITAS PAMULANG 2.1 (2017).

Mahmudah, Nunung. 2015. Illegal Fishing: Pertanggungjawaban Pidana Korporasi di Wilayah Perairan Indonesia. Jakarta. Sinar Grafika.

Mangihut Tua, Amry. 2019. The Drowning Policy The Foreign Fishing Vessels Of Illegal Fishingby Indonesia Government In International Law Perspective. Legal Standing. Nomor. 3. Volume. 2. Bandung. Oktober.

Mohamad Sodik, Dikdik. 2014. Hukum laut internasional. Bandung. PT.Refika Aditama.

Munawaroh, Siti. 2019, Penerapan Sanksi Penenggelaman Kapal Asing Pelaku Illegal Fishing Oleh Pemerintah Indonesia (Perspektif Hukum Internasional). Jurnal Mimbar Yustitia. Volume. 3. Nomor. 1. Jakarta. Mei.

Putra, Eldo Pranoto, and Muhamad Iqbal. "IMPLEMENTASI KONSEP KEADILAN DENGAN SISTEM NEGATIF WETTELIJK DAN ASAS KEBEBASAN HAKIM DALAM MEMUTUS SUATU PERKARA PIDANA DITINJAU DARI PASAL 1 UNDANG-UNDANG NO 4 TAHUN 2004 TENTANG KEKUASAAN KEHAKIMAN (Analisa putusan No. 1054/Pid. B/2018/PN. Jkt. Sel)." Rechtsregel: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum 3.1 (2020): 40-58.

Samiaji, Ranu. 2015. Harmonisasi Kewenangan Lembaga Negara Dalam Menanggulangi Tindak Pidana Illegal Fishing Di Perairan Indonesia. Malang. Universitas Brawijaya.

Susanto, M. I., & Supriyatna, W. (2020). Creating an Efficient Justice System with E-Court System in State Court and Religious Court of Rights. International Journal of Arts and Social Science, 3(3), 354-361.

Susanto, Muhamad Iqbal, and Wawan Supriyatna. "Creating an Efficient Justice System with E-Court System in State Court and Religious Court of Rights." International Journal of Arts and Social Science 3.3 (2020): 354-361.

Susanto, Muhamad Iqbal. "Kedudukan Hukum People Power dan Relevansinya dengan Hak Kebebasan Berpendapat di Indonesia." Volksgeist: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum dan Konstitusi 2.2 (2019): 225-237.

Susanto, Susanto, and Idhan Halim. "Pengaruh Human Relation Dan Lingkungan Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Pada Pt. Kompas Gramedia Cabang Karawaci." Proceedings Universitas Pamulang 1.1 (2020).

SUSANTO, SUSANTO, Sarwani Sarwani, and Slamet Afandi. "Analisis Kinerja Keuangan Untuk Mengetahui Tingkat Kesehatan, Pertumbuhan Dan Prospek Usaha Pada Unit Usaha Koperasi (Studi Kasus Koperasi Awak Pesawat Garuda Indonesia di Tangerang)." Inovasi 1.1 (2018).

SUSANTO, SUSANTO. "Harmonisasi Hukum Makna Keuangan Negara Dan Kekayaan Negara Yang Dipisahkan Pada Badan Usaha Milik Negara (Bumn) Persero." Proceedings Universitas Pamulang 2.1 (2017).

Susanto, Susanto. "Kedudukan Hasil Audit Investigatif Pada Kekayaan Badan Usaha Milik Negara Persero Dalam Hukum Pembuktian Pidana di Indonesia." Jurnal Cita Hukum 6.1 (2018): 139-162.

Tarigan, Muhammad Insan. 2018. Implementation of Countermeasures Effort of Illegal Fishing in Indonesia (Case Study on Sinking the FV Viking Vessel). Journal of Indonesian Legal Studies. Volume. 3. Nomor. 1. Surabaya. Mei.

Thamrin, Reinhart. 2016. Penegakan Hukum Laut terhadap Illegal Fishing. Jakarta. LEMHANAS-RI.

Wayan Parthiana, I. 2014. Hukum laut internasioanal dan Hukum Laut Indonesia. Bandung. Yrama Widya.

Website

http://banjarmasin.tribunnews.com/2016/05/30/lakukan-illegal-fishing-tniterpaksa-tembak-kapal-pencari-ikanasal-tiongkok?page=all diakses pada 8 Oktober 2021 pukul 22. 23 WIB.

https://nasional.sindonews.com/read/1112355/14/dramatis-tni-al-tangkap-kapalchina-disertai-penembakan-1464525723 diakses pada 8 Oktober 2021 pukul 20.32 WIB.

https://natunakab.go.id/potensi-danpeluang-investasi-di-kabupaten-natuna/ diakses pada 8 Oktober 2021 pukul 21.06 WIB.

https://www.cnnindonesia.com/nasional/20160627163356-20-141297/komando-armada-ri-kapalnelayan-china-selalu-dibentengi diakses pada 8 Oktober 2021 pukul 21.15 WIB.

https://www.republika.co.id/berita/nasional/hukum/16/03/20/o4c2xr219-kronologi-penangkapan-kapal-pencuriikan-km-kway-fey-10078 diakses pada 8 Oktober 2021 pukul 22.04 WIB.