Peran Elit Politik Dalam Pembangunan Industrialisasi Dan Modernisasi: Studi Komparasi Di Era Orde Lama Dan Reformasi

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to analyze the role of political elites in Indonesia's economic development during the Old Order and Reformation eras, using a historical-comparative approach to analyze how the influence, networks, and interests of political elites shaped economic policies and resource allocation, and their impact on industrialization and modernization. This study compares the characteristics of political elites, power structures, and decision-making mechanisms in both eras. In-depth historical analysis reveals how the behavior of political elites, both pro-growth and those prone to corruption and nepotism, influenced macro and micro economic policies. This comparison shows how differences in political structures and behavior of political elites resulted in different patterns of industrialization and modernization. The results show that although both eras had economic development goals, differences in power structures and behavior of political elites resulted in significant outcomes in terms of sustainable economic growth, equitable development, and overall development quality. This study makes an important contribution to understanding the complexity of the relationship between politics and economics in the context of Indonesian development, especially the crucial role of political elites in shaping the direction and outcomes of development.