Analisis Komparatif Pengaruh Variasi Jenis Perekat terhadap Karakteristik Fisik dan Performa Pembakaran Briket Arang Tempurung Kelapa sebagai Energi Alternatif Berkelanjutan
Keywords:
coconut shell briquettes, tapioca binder, molasses binder, alternative energy, biomassAbstract
Dependence on fossil energy drives the development of sustainable alternative energy sources from local biomass. This study examines the effect of binder type variations on physical characteristics and combustion performance of coconut shell charcoal briquettes. Experiments were conducted with three binder variations: 10% tapioca binder, 50% molasses binder, and a 5% each tapioca-molasses combination, with two replications for each treatment. Coconut shells were carbonized for 6 hours, ground, and sieved through 40 mesh before mixing with binders. Briquettes were molded with a standard weight of 45 grams and dried according to binder characteristics. Evaluated parameters included mass shrinkage, mechanical strength through drop test, combustion duration, residual ash mass, and smoke and odor intensity. Results showed significant differences among binder variations. Tapioca briquettes produced the best characteristics for practical applications with superior mechanical strength (remained intact during drop test), adequate combustion duration (6.56 hours), optimal combustion efficiency with minimal ash (1.5 grams or 4.2%), and clean combustion without smoke and odor. Molasses briquettes showed the longest combustion duration (11.57 hours) but had critical weaknesses in mechanical strength (shattered during drop test) and lowest mass shrinkage (6.7%) due to hygroscopic properties. Combination briquettes showed the worst performance with the shortest burning duration (4.11 hours), highest ash content (4 grams or 11.4%), and greatest mass shrinkage (22.2%). Radar chart visualization confirmed that tapioca briquettes have the most balanced profile for household and commercial use, while molasses briquettes are potential for stationary industrial applications with drying optimization. Binder combination did not produce positive synergy and is not recommended for further development.
Abstrak: Ketergantungan terhadap energi fosil mendorong pengembangan sumber energi alternatif berkelanjutan dari biomassa lokal. Penelitian ini mengkaji pengaruh variasi jenis perekat terhadap karakteristik fisik dan performa pembakaran briket arang tempurung kelapa. Eksperimen dilakukan dengan tiga variasi perekat: tapioca murni 10%, molase murni 50%, dan kombinasi tapioka-molase masing-masing 5%, dengan dua kali pengulangan untuk setiap perlakuan. Tempurung kelapa dikarbonisasi selama 6 jam, digiling, dan diayak dengan ukuran 40 mesh sebelum dicampurkan dengan perekat. Briket dicetak dengan berat standar 45 gram dan dikeringkan sesuai karakteristik perekat. Parameter yang dievaluasi meliputi penyusutan massa, kekuatan mekanik melalui uji jatuh bebas, durasi pembakaran, massa abu sisa, serta intensitas asap dan bau. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perbedaan signifikan antar variasi perekat. Briket tapioka menghasilkan karakteristik terbaik untuk aplikasi praktis dengan kekuatan mekanik superior (tetap utuh saat uji jatuh), durasi pembakaran memadai (6,56 jam), efisiensi pembakaran optimal dengan abu minimal (1,5 gram atau 4,2%), serta pembakaran bersih tanpa asap dan bau. Briket molase menunjukkan durasi pembakaran terpanjang (11,57 jam) namun memiliki kelemahan kritis pada kekuatan mekanik (hancur saat uji jatuh) dan penyusutan massa terendah (6,7%) akibat sifat higroskopisnya. Briket kombinasi menunjukkan performa terburuk dengan durasi nyala tersingkat (4,11 jam), abu tertinggi (4 gram atau 11,4%), dan penyusutan massa terbesar (22,2%). Visualisasi radar chart mengonfirmasi bahwa briket tapioka memiliki profil paling seimbang untuk penggunaan rumah tangga dan komersial, sementara briket molase potensial untuk aplikasi industri stasioner dengan optimalisasi pengeringan. Kombinasi perekat tidak menghasilkan sinergi positif dan tidak direkomendasikan untuk pengembangan lanjutan.
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