Menentukan Strategi Usaha Pengolahan Ikan Pada Saat Pandemi Covid-19 di Kabupaten Bogor
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32493/jpkpk.v6i3.30316Keywords:
Usaha Pengolahan Ikan, Analisis Deskriptif-Kualitatif, SWOT, FGD.Abstract
Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui aspek apa saja yang menjadi potensi pendukung dan aspek tantangan bagi pelaku usaha pengolahan ikan (UPI) selama masa pandemi Covid-19 di Kabupaten Bogor. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif – kualitatif. Analisis SWOT digunakan dengan mempertimbangkan pendapat yang didapat melalui wawancara langsung dari responden masyarakat sebagai pelaku usaha pengolahan ikan. Kemudian dilakukan diskusi kelompok atau Forum Grup Discussion (FGD) dengan Jajaran Pimpinan Dinas Perikanan dan Peternakan (Disnakan) dan perwakilan pelaku UPI binaan Disnakan Kabupaten Bogor. Hasil analisis dalam penelitian ini menunjukkan hampir secara keseluruhan pelaku usaha terdampak dengan terjadinya pandemi Covid -19. Penurunan produksi terjadi pada pengolahan pindang atau cue (bandeng, tongkol, selar, mas, kembung, dan layang) dari 6.781,57 ton tahun 2019 menjadi 4.759,65 ton pada tahun 2020. Sementara untuk produksi pengasapan ikan (tuna, martin, dan lele) juga terjadi penurunan dari 11,52 ton tahun 2019 menjadi 10 ton pada tahun 2020. Sedangkan jika dilihat angka produksi meningkat untuk produk olahan dengan Value Added (ekado, keong mas, kaki naga, bakso ikan, dan abon ikan lele ) dari angka 914,73 ton pada tahun 2018 menjadi 2.393,99 ton pada tahun 2020. Dalam penelitian ini didapatkan strategi yang tepat pada UMKM UPI di Kabupaten Bogor pada saat pandemi Covid-19, yaitu menerapkan Strategi Strenght – Opportunity (SO) yakni mengikuti penjualan online di market place resmi atau medsos, aktif pada Program Bazar Dinas, Pemda dan KKP, dan Strategi Weakness - Opportunity (WO), yaitu inovasi produk berdasarkan ketersediaan bahan baku.
This research was conducted to find out what aspects are potential supporters and aspects of challenges for fish processing business actors (UPI) during the Covid-19 pandemic in Bogor Regency. This research method uses descriptive – qualitative methods. SWOT analysis is used by considering opinions obtained through direct interviews from community respondents as fish processing business actors. Then a group discussion or Forum Group Discussion (FGD) was held with the Leaders of the Fisheries and Livestock Service (Disnakan) and representatives of UPI actors assisted by Disnakan Bogor Regency. The results of the analysis in this study show that almost all business actors are affected by the Covid-19 pandemic. The decline in production occurred in the processing of pindang or cue (milkfish, cob, selar, mas, bloating, and kite) from 6,781.57 tons in 2019 to 4,759.65 tons in 2020. Meanwhile, the production of smoking fish (tuna, martin, and catfish) also decreased from 11.52 tons in 2019 to 10 tons in 2020. Meanwhile, if you look at the production figures increased for processed products with Value Added (ekado, gold snails, dragon feet, fish balls, and shredded catfish) from 914.73 tons in 2018 to 2,393.99 tons in 2020. In this study, the right strategy was obtained for UPI MSMEs in Bogor Regency during the Covid-19 pandemic, namely implementing the Strenght – Opportunity (SO) Strategy, namely participating in online sales at official market places or social media, being active in the Official Bazar Program, Local Government and KKP, and the Weakness - Opportunity (WO) Strategy, which is product innovation based on the availability of raw materials.
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