Pengaruh Viskositas Oli terhadap Reduksi Amplitudo Getaran pada Sistem Redaman Viskus: Studi Eksperimental
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32493/jtc.v8i2.54685Keywords:
Getaran Bebas, Viskositas Oli, Redaman Viskus, Logarithmic Decrement, Sistem Massa–PegasAbstract
Redaman viskus memiliki peranan penting dalam pengendalian getaran mekanik dengan mengonversi energi osilasi menjadi energi panas melalui fluida pelumas. Penelitian ini menyajikan evaluasi eksperimental pengaruh tingkat viskositas oli terhadap karakteristik peluruhan amplitudo pada sistem massa–pegas–peredam yang berosilasi bebas. Empat oli komersial digunakan sebagai variabel redaman, yakni SAE 20, SAE 40, SAE 60, dan SAE 140. Parameter utama yang diamati meliputi pengurangan logaritmik (δ), rasio redaman (ζ), dan persentase peluruhan amplitudo dalam beberapa siklus osilasi. Hasil memperlihatkan adanya peningkatan yang konsisten pada kemampuan redaman seiring kenaikan viskositas; nilai ζ meningkat dari 0,08 (SAE 20) menjadi 0,18 (SAE 140) dan persentase peluruhan amplitudo dari 8,02% menjadi 17,10%. Temuan ini menegaskan bahwa pemilihan viskositas fluida merupakan parameter desain kunci untuk meningkatkan disipasi energi pada sistem redaman viskus di berbagai aplikasi, termasuk suspensi kendaraan dan peredam industri.
Abstract: Viscous damping plays a crucial role in controlling mechanical vibrations by converting oscillatory energy into heat energy through a lubricating fluid. This study presents an experimental evaluation of the effect of oil viscosity on the amplitude decay characteristics of a freely oscillating damper–spring–mass system. Four commercial oils were used as damping variables, namely SAE 20, SAE 40, SAE 60, and SAE 140. The main parameters measured include logarithmic decrement (δ), damping ratio (ζ), and percentage decay amplitude over several oscillation cycles. The results show a consistent increase in damping capability with increasing viscosity; the ζ value increases from 0.08 (SAE 20) to 0.18 (SAE 140), and the percentage decay amplitude from 8.02% to 17.10%. These findings confirm that fluid viscosity selection is a key design parameter for improving energy dissipation in viscous damping systems in various applications, including vehicle suspension components and industrial dampers.
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