A Web-Based Navigation Control System for Lake Toba Cleaning Using NodeMCU ESP8266 and Pulse Width Modulation (PWM)

Authors

  • Frengki Simatupang Computer Technology, Vocational Faculty, Institut Teknologi Del Toba, 22381
  • Istas Pratomo Manalu Computer Technology, Vocational Faculty, Institut Teknologi Del Toba, 22381
  • Pandapotan Siagian Computer Technology, Vocational Faculty, Institut Teknologi Del Toba, 22381
  • Marojahan Mula Timbul Sigiro Computer Technology, Vocational Faculty, Institut Teknologi Del Toba, 22381
  • Gerry Italiano Wowiling Computer Technology, Vocational Faculty, Institut Teknologi Del Toba, 22381
  • Eka Stephani Sinambela Computer Technology, Vocational Faculty, Institut Teknologi Del Toba, 22381
  • Ripandy Saragih Computer Technology, Vocational Faculty, Institut Teknologi Del Toba, 22381
  • Grace Yosheva Computer Technology, Vocational Faculty, Institut Teknologi Del Toba, 22381
  • Romaito Silaen Computer Technology, Vocational Faculty, Institut Teknologi Del Toba, 22381

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.32493/pjte.v9i1.51670

Keywords:

Lake Surface Cleaning, Motor DC, NodeMCU ESP8266, Pulse Width Modulation, Web-Based Control System

Abstract

Waste pollution in Lake Toba has become a critical environmental issue, threatening both its natural beauty and ecological sustainability. Manual waste collection methods remain limited in terms of efficiency and operational reach. This study aims to design and evaluate a web-based navigation control system for a floating surface-cleaning device utilizing the NodeMCU ESP8266 microcontroller. The system enables real-time control of direction and motor speed through a web interface, employing Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) for precise speed regulation. A prototype-based engineering approach was adopted, encompassing system design, implementation, and performance testing on land and in water environments. The experimental results indicate that the system successfully responded to all navigation commands (forward, backward, turn, pivot, and stop) with 100% accuracy under a stable local Wi-Fi network. Motor performance in water was found to be approximately 15–20% lower than on land due to fluid resistance. Battery endurance tests showed an operational time of approximately 3 hours on land and 2.1 hours in water at a 60% PWM duty cycle. Overall, the system demonstrates effective and flexible performance and holds promise for further development through the integration of sensors, camera modules, GPS-based autonomous navigation, and LoRa communication.

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Published

2025-08-10

How to Cite

Simatupang, F., Manalu, I. P., Siagian, P., Sigiro, M. M. T., Wowiling, G. I., Sinambela, E. S., … Silaen, R. (2025). A Web-Based Navigation Control System for Lake Toba Cleaning Using NodeMCU ESP8266 and Pulse Width Modulation (PWM). Piston: Journal of Technical Engineering, 9(1), 40–53. https://doi.org/10.32493/pjte.v9i1.51670

Issue

Vol. 9 No. 1 (2025)

Section

Articles

License

Copyright (c) 2025 Frengki Simatupang, Istas Pratomo Manalu, Pandapotan Siagian, Marojahan Mula Timbul Sigiro, Gerry Italiano Wowiling, Eka Stephani Sinambela, Ripandy Saragih, Grace Yosheva, Romaito Silaen

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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.