Innovations in Methods and Technologies for the Production of Bioethanol from Sugarcane Molasses via Fermentation: A Systematic Review
Keywords:
bioethanol, molasses, fermentationAbstract
Bioethanol is a potential renewable energy source in Indonesia, mainly due to the availability of sugarcane molasses as a by-product of the sugar industry. This study aims to examine methods and technologies for producing bioethanol from molasses for application in vocational education at SMKN 1 Anyer, which has distillation facilities and access to molasses from the PT PDSU sugar factory. The method used was a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) by analyzing 16 scientific articles indexed in Scopus. The results of the study showed seven categories of methods and technologies for producing bioethanol through molasses fermentation: co-fermentation, continuous fermentation, fermentation with statistical optimization, strain isolation, cell immobilization, fermentation with modeling, and fermentation pretreatment. Important aspects of fermentation methods and technologies that can be applied to practical procedures in vocational schools include the optimum conditions for molasses fermentation (temperature 30°C, pH 5.5, sugar content 30-35°Brix, duration 5-7 days), types of microorganisms or strains, and measurement of molasses and bioethanol yield. The research conclusion confirms that this SLR provides a scientific basis for the development of bioethanol practicum modules in vocational schools. The integration of scientific research with practical learning supports the transition to green energy through the utilization of local potential.
Abstrak: Bioetanol merupakan sumber energi terbarukan yang potensial di Indonesia, terutama karena ketersediaan molase tebu sebagai produk samping industri gula. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji metode dan teknologi produksi bioetanol dari molase untuk diterapkan pada pembelajaran vokasi di SMKN 1 Anyer, yang memiliki fasilitas distilasi serta akses molase dari pabrik gula PT PDSU. Metode yang digunakan adalah Systematic Literature Review (SLR) dengan menganalisis 16 artikel ilmiah terindeks Scopus. Hasil kajian menunjukkan tujuh kategori metode dan teknologi produksi bioetanol melalui fermentasi molase: ko-fermentasi, fermentasi kontinyu, fermentasi dengan optimasi statistik, isolasi strain, imobilisasi sel, fermentasi dengan modeling dan praperlakuan fermentasi. Hal-hal penting dari metode dan teknologi fermentasi yang dapat diterapkan untuk prosedur praktikum di sekolah SMK meliputi kondisi optimum fermentasi molase tebu (Suhu 30°C, pH 5,5, kadar gula 30-35°Brix, waktu 5-7 hari), jenis mikroorganisme atau strain, serta pengukuran molase dan hasil bioetanol. Simpulan penelitian menegaskan bahwa SLR ini memberikan landasan ilmiah bagi pengembangan modul praktikum bioetanol di sekolah vokasi. Integrasi riset ilmiah dengan pembelajaran praktik mendukung transisi menuju energi hijau melalui pemanfaatan potensi lokal.
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