Analisis Kestabilan Sistem Pitch Aircraft dan Perancangan Kontrol PID Menggunakan Metode Ziegler–Nichols
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32493/epic.v9i1.59160Keywords:
kendali pitch pesawat, dinamika penerbangan longitudinal, penalaan kontroler PID, metode Ziegler-Nichols, kestabilan sistem kendaliAbstract
Sistem kendali berperan penting dalam menjaga stabilitas dan kinerja pesawat terbang, khususnya pada dinamika longitudinal yang berkaitan dengan sudut pitch. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kestabilan sistem pitch aircraft serta merancang pengendali Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) menggunakan metode penalaan Ziegler–Nichols. Model sistem diperoleh dari persamaan dinamika longitudinal pesawat yang kemudian direpresentasikan dalam bentuk fungsi alih untuk mempermudah analisis sistem kendali. Analisis awal dilakukan melalui simulasi step response pada MATLAB untuk mengevaluasi karakteristik respons sistem tanpa pengendali, meliputi rise time, settling time, overshoot, dan steady state error. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa sistem tanpa pengendali masih memiliki respons yang kurang optimal dengan adanya overshoot dan waktu yang relatif lama untuk mencapai kondisi stabil. Oleh karena itu, dilakukan perancangan pengendali PID dengan penentuan parameter menggunakan metode Ziegler–Nichols berdasarkan karakteristik respons sistem. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan bahwa penerapan pengendali PID mampu meningkatkan kestabilan sistem dengan menghilangkan overshoot serta menghasilkan respons yang lebih stabil dan terkontrol. Dengan demikian, metode Ziegler–Nichols terbukti efektif dalam proses penalaan parameter PID untuk meningkatkan performa dan kestabilan sistem pitch aircraft.
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