Menguji Efektivitas Gabungan: Analisis Kinerja Organisasi ditinjau dari Kepemimpinan Transformasional dan Transaksional pada Industri Jasa
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32493/drb.v8i5.53728Keywords:
Budaya Organisasi, Kepemimpinan; Kepemimpinan Transformasional; Kepemimpinan Transaksional; Kinerja OrganisasiAbstract
Kepemimpinan merupakan faktor fundamental dalam menentukan keberhasilan organisasi menghadapi persaingan global dan transformasi digital. Pemimpin tidak hanya berperan sebagai pengarah, tetapi juga sebagai motivator, fasilitator, dan agen perubahan yang membangun budaya kerja inovatif serta meningkatkan keterlibatan karyawan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode studi literatur sistematis dengan pendekatan naratif, berfokus pada publikasi ilmiah lima tahun terakhir (2020–2025) melalui basis data Scispace dengan kata kunci leadership, organizational performance, transformational leadership, servant leadership, dan leadership effectiveness. Dari 100 artikel, 40 dipilih berdasarkan kriteria inklusi berupa penelitian empiris, akses penuh, dan relevansi tema. Hasil sintesis menunjukkan kepemimpinan transformasional berperan dominan dalam meningkatkan motivasi, kreativitas, dan inovasi karyawan sehingga berdampak pada kinerja organisasi berkelanjutan. Kepemimpinan transaksional efektif menjaga stabilitas, kedisiplinan, dan efisiensi, sementara servant leadership memperkuat budaya kerja positif dan meningkatkan keterlibatan. Kepemimpinan pemberdayaan menumbuhkan kreativitas, namun berpotensi menimbulkan konflik peran. Faktor mediasi seperti budaya organisasi, kepuasan kerja, dan perilaku kewarganegaraan organisasi memperkuat hubungan antara gaya kepemimpinan dan kinerja organisasi. Temuan ini menegaskan tidak ada gaya kepemimpinan tunggal yang efektif di semua situasi. Efektivitas bergantung pada konteks organisasi, sektor industri, dan karakteristik generasi tenaga kerja. Karena itu, kombinasi kepemimpinan adaptif, partisipatif, dan kontekstual diperlukan untuk menjaga daya saing dan keberlanjutan di era disrupsi.
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