Pengaruh Multinasionalitas, Profitabilitas, dan Leverage Terhadap Transfer Pricing
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32493/Inovasi.v12i1.p372-383.51663Keywords:
Multinasionalitas; Profitabilitas; Leverage; Transfer PricingAbstract
Penelitian ini mengkaji pengaruh multinasionalitas, profitabilitas, dan leverage terhadap praktik transfer pricing pada perusahaan manufaktur sub-sektor otomotif yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia selama periode 2021–2023. Transfer pricing menjadi isu strategis karena berpotensi disalahgunakan untuk penghindaran pajak melalui penggeseran laba lintas negara, sehingga menarik perhatian otoritas pajak. Namun demikian, temuan empiris sebelumnya masih menunjukkan hasil yang inkonsisten, terutama dalam konteks pasca pandemi.
Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji secara empiris apakah karakteristik internal perusahaan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap keputusan transfer pricing. Pendekatan kuantitatif digunakan melalui analisis regresi data panel terhadap 36 observasi perusahaan-tahun dari 12 perusahaan yang dipilih dengan teknik purposive sampling. Model Random Effect (REM) dipilih sebagai model terbaik berdasarkan hasil uji Chow dan Hausman. Uji asumsi klasik menunjukkan bahwa model bebas dari multikolinearitas dan heteroskedastisitas.
Hasil uji t menunjukkan bahwa multinasionalitas (p = 0,9923), profitabilitas (p = 0,8023), dan leverage (p = 0,1606) tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap transfer pricing. Secara simultan, ketiga variabel juga tidak berpengaruh signifikan (p = 0,5724). Nilai Adjusted R-squared sebesar -0,0423 mengindikasikan bahwa kemampuan model dalam menjelaskan variasi transfer pricing sangat rendah. Temuan ini mengimplikasikan bahwa dalam konteks sektor manufaktur otomotif selama periode penelitian, faktor internal bukanlah penentu utama kebijakan transfer pricing. Faktor eksternal atau institusional kemungkinan lebih dominan dan perlu dikaji lebih lanjut.
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