Optimisasi Desain Jaringan IoT untuk Pelacakan Produk di Rantai Pasok Pertanian: Tinjauan Literatur Sistematis
Keywords:
Internet of Things, Rantai Pasok Pertanian, Teknologi Komunikasi, Infrastruktur Komunikasi, Keamanan DataAbstract
Rantai pasok pertanian adalah salah satu elemen penting dalam ketahanan pangan global, namun menghadapi tantangan besar seperti pemborosan pangan, perubahan iklim, dan permintaan akan transparansi. Internet of Things (IoT) muncul sebagai solusi inovatif untuk mengatasi tantangan tersebut dengan memungkinkan pelacakan produk secara real-time melalui sensor, gateway, dan platform berbasis cloud. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan Systematic Literature Review (SLR) untuk menganalisis beberapa artikel yang relevan, dengan tujuan mengeksplorasi elemen-elemen utama, tantangan, dan strategi dalam desain jaringan IoT untuk rantai pasok pertanian. Hasil penelitian mengidentifikasi lima elemen utama dalam desain jaringan IoT: teknologi komunikasi, arsitektur jaringan, keamanan data, efisiensi energi, dan interoperabilitas. Teknologi seperti Low-Power Wide-Area Networks (LPWAN) menjadi solusi utama untuk wilayah pedesaan dengan keterbatasan infrastruktur. Tantangan utama yang dihadapi dalam implementasi jaringan IoT di sektor pertanian seperti keterbatasan infrastruktur komunikasi, keamanan dan privasi data, kompleksitas manajemen data, dan biaya implementasi yang tinggi. Strategi yang dapat digunakan untuk meningkatkan efisiensi dan keandalan jaringan IoT dalam rantai pasok pertanian seperti penerapan edge computing, integrasi blockchain, optimasi protokol jaringan, teknologi hemat energi, pendekatan hybrid networks. Implementasi IoT dalam rantai pasok pertanian memberikan dampak positif signifikan, termasuk pengurangan pemborosan, peningkatan transparansi, dan optimalisasi sumber daya. Studi ini menyimpulkan bahwa desain jaringan IoT yang optimal sangat penting untuk mendukung keberlanjutan dan efisiensi sistem rantai pasok pertanian, terutama di negara berkembang. Rekomendasi untuk penelitian selanjutnya mencakup integrasi IoT dengan kecerdasan buatan dan pengembangan teknologi hemat energi untuk memperluas adopsi IoT secara global.
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