A REKONSTRUKSI KONSEP PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN ORGANISASI INTERNASIONAL ATAS PELANGGARAN OPERASIONAL KRITIK TERHADAP ABSOLUTE IMMUNITY

REKONSTRUKSI KONSEP PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN ORGANISASI INTERNASIONAL ATAS PELANGGARAN OPERASIONAL KRITIK TERHADAP ABSOLUTE IMMUNITY

Authors

  • R Odityo Valen Aprian Jaya Universitas Semarang
  • Rangga Aditya Putra Jaya Wiratma Universitas Semarang
  • Subaidah Ratna Juita Universitas Semarang
  • Wafda Vivid Izziyana Universitas Semarang

Keywords:

: International Organization Responsibility, Absolute immunity, Global Accountability, Pertanggungjawaban Organisasi Internasional, Akuntabilitas Global

Abstract

This study reassesses the concept of international organizations’ responsibility for operational violations, which has long been constrained by the doctrine of absolute immunity. The central question examined is how absolute immunity restricts victims’ access to remedies and to what extent accountability principles can be reconstructed in line with the evolution of modern international law. The background of the problem arises from the growing number of operational failures such as humanitarian mission misconduct, disease outbreaks, or environmental harm without adequate mechanisms to hold international organizations accountable. This research positions its critique of absolute immunity as the entry point for proposing a new normative framework that is more responsive to victims’ rights. The analysis employs a normative juridical method by examining international legal instruments, the ILC Draft Articles on the Responsibility of International Organizations, case law, and contemporary case studies. The findings indicate that absolute immunity is increasingly incompatible with global accountability demands. A reconstructed paradigm is required through the adoption of functional immunity limits, independent internal remedial mechanisms, and the integration of human rights due diligence as an operational standard. Overall, the study emphasizes the need to balance institutional protection with victims’ access to justice within a more adaptive international legal order.

 

Penelitian ini mengkaji ulang konsep pertanggungjawaban organisasi internasional atas pelanggaran operasional yang selama ini terhalang oleh rezim absolute immunity. Pertanyaan utama yang dianalisis ialah bagaimana imunitas absolut membatasi akses korban terhadap mekanisme ganti rugi, serta sejauh mana prinsip akuntabilitas dapat direkonstruksi agar sejalan dengan perkembangan hukum internasional modern. Latar belakang masalah berangkat dari meningkatnya kasus operasional organisasi internasional seperti kegagalan misi kemanusiaan, penyebaran penyakit, atau kerusakan lingkungan yang tidak diimbangi dengan mekanisme pertanggungjawaban yang memadai. Posisi penelitian ini menempatkan kritik terhadap absolute immunity sebagai titik masuk untuk menawarkan desain normatif baru yang lebih responsif terhadap hak korban. Pembahasan dilakukan melalui analisis yuridis normatif dengan menelaah instrumen hukum internasional, ILC Draft Articles on the Responsibility of International Organizations, praktik pengadilan internasional, serta studi kasus kontemporer. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa absolute immunity tidak lagi kompatibel dengan tuntutan akuntabilitas global. Diperlukan rekonstruksi paradigma melalui pembatasan imunitas yang bersifat fungsional, pembentukan mekanisme remedial internal yang independen, serta integrasi human rights due diligence sebagai standar kewajiban operasional organisasi internasional. Penelitian ini menegaskan pentingnya keseimbangan antara perlindungan kelembagaan dan pemenuhan hak korban dalam kerangka hukum internasional yang lebih adaptif.

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Published

30-11-2025