a PERAN NEGARA NON-ANGGOTA DALAM PERUMUSAN STANDAR LINGKUNGAN UNEP STUDI KASUS COP UNFCCC
PERAN NEGARA NON-ANGGOTA DALAM PERUMUSAN STANDAR LINGKUNGAN UNEP STUDI KASUS COP UNFCCC
Keywords:
UNEP, Non-Member States, UNFCCC COP, negara non-anggotaAbstract
ABSTRACT
This study examines how non-member states contribute to the formulation of environmental standards under the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) through the Conference of the Parties (COP) to the UNFCCC. The main question explored is the extent to which non-member states can influence agendas, norms, and negotiation processes within a forum formally dominated by Parties. Previous research has primarily centered on member states, positioning this study to fill a theoretical gap concerning the role of external actors in global environmental governance. The paper addresses this question through document analysis of COP decisions, UNEP policy reports, and comparative observations of non-member interventions across key COP sessions. Employing a qualitative descriptive method with content analysis and policy tracing techniques, the research finds that non-member states exert indirect influence through technical coalitions, observership mechanisms, and knowledge-based diplomacy. Despite lacking formal voting rights, these states can still shape specific environmental standards. The findings highlight that global environmental governance is functionally inclusive, allowing non-member actors to exert meaningful contributions in standard-setting processes.
Penelitian ini mengkaji bagaimana negara non-anggota berperan dalam merumuskan standar lingkungan di bawah koordinasi United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) melalui mekanisme Conference of the Parties (COP) UNFCCC. Pertanyaan utama yang dianalisis adalah sejauh mana negara non-anggota dapat mempengaruhi agenda, norma, dan proses negosiasi dalam forum yang secara formal didominasi negara pihak (Parties). Kajian sebelumnya lebih banyak berfokus pada negara anggota sehingga posisi penelitian ini menutup celah teoretis mengenai peran aktor luar dalam tata kelola lingkungan global. Penelitian ini membahas pertanyaan tersebut melalui analisis dokumen COP, laporan kebijakan UNEP, serta studi komparatif terhadap intervensi negara non-anggota pada beberapa sesi COP kunci. Metode yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kualitatif-deskriptif dengan teknik analisis konten dan penelusuran kebijakan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa negara non-anggota memiliki ruang pengaruh tidak langsung melalui koalisi teknis, mekanisme observership, dan diplomasi pengetahuan, sehingga mampu mendorong penyesuaian standar lingkungan tertentu meskipun tanpa hak suara formal. Temuan ini menegaskan bahwa tata kelola lingkungan global bersifat inklusif secara fungsional, di mana kontribusi negara non-anggota tetap signifikan dalam proses pembentukan standar.
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