Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia Dalam Meningkatkan Kinerja Karyawan
Abstract
Abstrak, Pergeseran fundamental pada kondisi makroekonomi global telah memicu fenomena turbulensi yang dikenal sebagai Tech Winter, yang berdampak secara destruktif terhadap stabilitas ekosistem perusahaan rintisan (startup) teknologi di Indonesia. Melalui desain penelitian metode campuran sekuensial eksplanatori (explanatory sequential mixed methods), studi empiris ini menginvestigasi peran strategis dan mekanika praktik Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia (MSDM) dalam memitigasi dampak negatif dari ketidakamanan kerja (job insecurity) serta eskalasi beban kerja digital terhadap kinerja dan retensi karyawan. Berlandaskan pada Teori Tuntutan dan Sumber Daya Kerja (Job Demands-Resources Model) serta Teori Konservasi Sumber Daya (Conservation of Resources Theory), fase kuantitatif (QUAN) menggunakan pemodelan persamaan struktural berbasis varians (PLS-SEM) terhadap 430 karyawan dari kohort demografis Generasi Z dan Milenial. Hasil analisis inferensial menunjukkan bahwa kompensasi berbasis keadilan, implementasi keseimbangan kerja-kehidupan (work-life balance), dan gaya kepemimpinan resonan secara signifikan memprediksi tingkat kepuasan kerja. Kepuasan kerja pada gilirannya secara penuh memediasi peningkatan kinerja karyawan dan secara drastis menurunkan niat pindah kerja (turnover intention). Fase kualitatif (QUAL) melalui wawancara fenomenologis mendalam mengungkapkan keberadaan "sindrom penyintas" (survivor syndrome), kondisi kerentanan psikologis karyawan yang terhindar dari PHK namun menghadapi tuntutan kerja yang meningkat eksponensial. Transformasi menuju budaya tekno-humanis, implementasi sistem penghargaan holistik, serta dukungan psikologis terintegrasi merupakan imperatif strategis bagi startup untuk mempertahankan talenta kunci dan memastikan kelangsungan bisnis.
Kata Kunci: Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia; Kinerja Karyawan; Tech Winter; Mixed Methods; Retensi Karyawan; Job Demands-Resources Model; Survivor Syndrome
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