Efisiensi Teknis Belanja Perumahan dan Sanitasi Layak pada Pemerintah Provinsi di Indonesia: Pendekatan Model Simar Wilson

Authors

Keywords:

Efisiensi Teknis , Data Envelopment Analysis , Pengeluaran Perumahan Publik , Simar Wilson , Akses Sanitasi Layak , Indonesia

Abstract

Desentralisasi fiskal memberi keleluasaan bagi pemerintah daerah untuk mengalokasikan belanja sesuai kebutuhan masyarakat. Namun, anggaran yang besar tidak otomatis diikuti kualitas layanan publik yang lebih baik. Karena itu, pengukuran efisiensi menjadi penting, terutama pada fungsi Perumahan dan Sanitasi Layak yang menopang penyediaan layanan sanitasi. Penelitian ini mengukur efisiensi teknis belanja Perumahan dan Sanitasi pada pemerintah provinsi di Indonesia. Penelitian ini juga menganalisis faktor yang memengaruhi efisiensi tersebut. Kebaruannya terletak pada penggunaan pendekatan two-stage Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) dengan regresi truncated bootstrap Simar and Wilson. Pendekatan ini menghasilkan inferensi statistik yang lebih reliabel dibandingkan regresi Tobit konvensional. Data yang digunakan berupa data cross-section pemerintah provinsi di Indonesia. Pada tahap pertama, skor efisiensi diestimasi menggunakan DEA berorientasi output dengan asumsi Variable Returns to Scale (VRS). Belanja barang dan jasa serta belanja modal fungsi Perumahan dan Sanitasi menjadi input. Persentase rumah tangga dengan akses sanitasi layak menjadi output. Pada tahap kedua, regresi truncated bootstrap Simar-Wilson menguji pengaruh PDRB per kapita, tingkat kemiskinan, jumlah penduduk, dan luas wilayah terhadap efisiensi. Hasilnya menunjukkan masih terdapat ruang peningkatan output tanpa tambahan belanja. Hanya sebagian kecil provinsi yang mencapai frontier efisiensi. Mayoritas provinsi lain masih berada pada kondisi increasing returns to scale. Tingkat kemiskinan dan luas wilayah terbukti berpengaruh negatif signifikan terhadap efisiensi. Sementara itu, PDRB per kapita dan jumlah penduduk tidak berpengaruh signifikan. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa efisiensi belanja Perumahan dan Sanitasi lebih banyak dipengaruhi karakteristik sosial-ekonomi dan geografis daripada tingkat kemakmuran daerah. Oleh karena itu, penguatan kapasitas kelembagaan, pengurangan kemiskinan, dan peningkatan konektivitas wilayah perlu menjadi prioritas kebijakan. Dengan demikian, kebijakan anggaran ke depan perlu diarahkan tidak hanya pada besaran alokasi, tetapi juga pada perbaikan kondisi struktural daerah agar layanan sanitasi dapat disediakan secara lebih efisien dan merata di seluruh provinsi.

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Published

2026-07-30

How to Cite

Rahardian, A. R., & Suseno, D. A. (2026). Efisiensi Teknis Belanja Perumahan dan Sanitasi Layak pada Pemerintah Provinsi di Indonesia: Pendekatan Model Simar Wilson. Jurnal Ekonomi Efektif, 8(4), 731–745. Retrieved from https://openjournal.unpam.ac.id/index.php/JEE/article/view/62242

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