Conflict Management Style and Employee Performance: Leadership and Emotional Intelligence as Moderation
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32493/JJSDM.v6i3.29740Keywords:
Conflict Management Style, Employee Performance, Leadership, Emotional IntelligenceAbstract
Increasing competition forces all businesses to develop. These demands often lead to a conflict which will later have an impact on the performance of employees, especially SMEs. Therefore, conflict management is needed so that the stability of the situation can be maintained. The purpose of this study was to analyze and explain the effect of conflict management style on employee performance, and to determine the role of leadership and emotional intelligence as moderating variables. This research involved UKM employees in regencies/cities in Bali. Data collection uses a questionnaire with the snowball method, the questionnaire is distributed electronically using the Google form. The data used were 174 respondents and then analyzed using the Smart PLS application. The findings of this study indicate that the style of conflict management has a significant effect on the performance of SMEs. Leadership shows a moderating role with a tendency to reduce the interaction of conflict management styles on performance. Meanwhile, emotional intelligence acts as a full moderator of the influence of conflict management styles on the performance of SME employees.
References
Abdo, M., Feghali, K., & Zgheib, MA (2021). The role of emotional intelligence and personality on the overall internal control effectiveness: applied to internal audit team members' behavior in Lebanese companies. Asian Journal of Accounting Research, 2443–4175.
Adler, RW, & Reid, J. (2008). The effects of leadership styles and budget participation on job satisfaction and job performance. Asia-Pacific Management Accounting Journal, 3(1), 21–46.
Ain, NU, Munir, M., & Suneel, I. (2021). The role of emotional intelligence and grit in life satisfaction. In Heliyon (Vol. 7, Issue 4, pp. 1–8).
Alosani, MS, Yusoff, R., & Al-Dhaafri, H. (2019). The effect of innovation and strategic planning on enhancing organizational performance of Dubai Police. Innovation & Management Review, 17(1), 2–24.
Alzoubi, RH, & Jaaffar, AH (2021). The Moderating Effect of Leaders' Experience on Leadership Styles and Crisis Management in the Jordanian Hotel Sector. International Journal of Financial Research, 12(1), 297.
Aqqad, N., Obeidat, B., Tarhini, A., & Masa'Deh, R. (2019). The relationship between emotional intelligence, conflict management styles, and job performance in Jordanian banks. International Journal of Human Resources Development and Management, 19(3), 225–265.
Aristana, IN, Arsawan, IWE, & Rustiarini, NW (2022). Employee loyalty during the slowdown of Covid-19: Do satisfaction and trust matter? International Journal of Tourism Cities, 8(1), 228–243.
Aristana, IN, Junipisa, NME, & Dwitrayani, MC (2021). Leadership and Job Satisfaction: Leadership Communication Mediation. JKBM (Journal of Business Concepts and Management), 7(2), 167–178.
Aristana, IN, Junipisa, NME, & Yogantara, KK (2020). Cooperative performance models Cooperatives. Journal of Economics and Business, 23(2), 285–316.
Ayub, N., AlQurashi, SM, Al-Yafi, WA, & Jehn, K. (2017). Personality Traits and Conflict Management Styles in predicting Job Performance and Conflict. International Journal of Conflict Management, 34(1), 1–51.
Başoğul, C., & Özgür, G. (2016). Role of Emotional Intelligence in Conflict Management Strategies of Nurses. Asian Nursing Research, 10(3), 228–233.
Blake, RR, Mouton, JS, & Bidwell, AC (1963). The Managerial Grid. Advanced Management - Office Executive.
Bolatan, GIS, Golgeci, I., Arslan, A., Tatoglu, E., Zaim, S., & Gozlu, S. (2022). Unlocking the relationships between strategic planning, leadership and technology transfer competence: the mediating role of strategic quality management. Journal of Knowledge Management, 26(11), 89–113.
Brimhall, KC (2019). Inclusion and commitment as key pathways between leadership and non-profit performance. Nonprofit Management and Leadership, 30(1), 31–49.
Broughton, C. (2019). When the State Meets the Street: Public Service and Moral Agency. Contemporary Sociology: A Journal of Reviews, 48(2), 229–231.
Buil, I., MartÃnez, E., & Matute, J. (2019). Transformational leadership and employee performance: The role of identification, engagement and proactive personality. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 77(June), 64–75.
Caber, M., Ünal, C., Cengizci, AD, & Güven, A. (2019). Conflict management styles of professional tour guides: A cluster analysis. Tourism Management Perspectives, 30(February 2018), 89–97.
Caputo, A., Ayoko, OB, & Amoo, N. (2018). The moderating role of cultural intelligence in the relationship between cultural orientations and conflict management styles. Journal of Business Research, 89(March), 10–20.
Chen, HT, & Wang, CH (2019). Incivility, satisfaction and turnover intention of tourist hotel chefs: Moderating effects of emotional intelligence. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 31(5), 2034–2053.
Chen, HX, Xu, X., & Phillips, P. (2019). Emotional intelligence and conflict management styles. International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 27(3), 458–470.
Curşeu, PL (2011). Intra-group conflict and teamwork quality: The moderating role of leadership styles. Administrative Sciences, 1(1), 3–13.
Dåderman, AM, & Kajonius, PJ (2022). An item response theory analysis of the Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire Short-Form (TEIQue-SF) in the workplace. In Heliyon (Vol. 8, Issue 2, pp. 1–7).
Day, DV, & Dragoni, L. (2015). Leadership Development: An Outcome-Oriented Review Based on Time and Levels of Analysis. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 2, 133–156.
Ferris, DL, Lian, H., Brown, DJ, Pang, FXJ, & Keeping, LM (2010). Self-esteem and job performance: The moderating role of self-esteem contingencies. Personnel Psychology, 63(3), 561–593.
Franczukowska, AA, Krczal, E., Knapp, C., & Baumgartner, M. (2021). Examining ethical leadership in health care organizations and its impacts on employee work attitudes: an empirical analysis from Austria. Leadership in Health Services, 34(3), 229–247.
Gunkel, M., Schlaegel, C., & Taras, V. (2016). Cultural values, emotional intelligence, and conflict handling styles: A global study. Journal of World Business, 51(4), 568–585.
Hair, JF, Hult, G., Tomas, M., Ringle, CM, & Sarstedt, M. (2016). A primer on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). Sage publications.
Hair, JF, Ringle, CM, & Sarstedt, M. (2013). Editorial - Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling: Rigorous Applications, Better Results and Higher Acceptance. Long Range Planning, 46(1–2), 1–12.
Hastings, TJ, Kavookjian, J., & Ekong, G. (2019). Associations among student conflict management styles and attitudes toward empathy. Currents in Pharmacy Teaching and Learning, 11(1), 25–32.
He, F., Siren, C., Singh, S., & Solomon, G. (2012). Why do some entrepreneurs fail forward (while others do not?) A moderated mediation model of learning from failure and transformational leadership. ICSB World Conference Proceedings, 1–49.
Hermawati, A., & Mas, N. (2017). Mediation effect of quality of work life, job involvement, and organizational citizenship behavior in the relationship between transglobal leadership to employee performance. International Journal of Law and Management, 59(6), 1143–1158.
Hu, N., Chen, Z., Gu, J., Huang, S., & Liu, H. (2017). Conflict and creativity in inter-organizational teams: The moderating role of shared leadership. International Journal of Conflict Management, 28(1), 74–102.
Huikko-Tarvainen, S. (2022). Elements of perceived good physician leadership and their relation to leadership theory. Leadership in Health Services, 35(1), 14–29.
Jiang, W., Zhao, X., & Ni, J. (2017). The impact of transformational leadership on employee sustainable performance: The mediating role of organizational citizenship behavior. Sustainability (Switzerland), 9(9).
Kilmann, RH, & Thomas, KW (1977). Developing a forced-choice measure of conflict-handling behavior: The “Mode†Instrument. Educational and Psychological Measurements, 37(2), 309–325.
Kirsten, W., Nerina, J., & Prashant, B. (2016). Shared perceptions of supervisor conflict management style A cross-level moderator of relationship conflict and employee outcomes. International Journal of Conflict Management, Unit 07, 1–5.
Kundu, SC, Kumar, S., & Gahlawat, N. (2019). Empowering leadership and job performance: mediating the role of psychological empowerment. Management Research Review, 42(5), 605–624.
Lee, K.L. (2009). An Examination between the Relationship of Conflict Management Styles and Employees' Satisfaction with Supervision. International Journal of Business and Management, 3(9), 11–25.
Maczka, K., Matczak, P., Jeran, A., Chmielewski, PJ, & Baker, S. (2021). Conflicts in Ecosystem Services Management: Analysis of stakeholder participation in Natura 2000 in Poland. Environmental Science and Policy, 117(December 2020), 16–24.
Maghfira, A., Joesyiana, K., & Harahap, A. R. I. (2023). Pengaruh Beban Kerja dan Keselamatan Kesehatan Kerja (K3) Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan PT. Hokkan Deltapack Industri Branch Kampar. Jurnal Pajak dan Bisnis (Journal of Tax and Business), 4(1), 13-19.
Masood, MT, & Javed, S. (2016). Impact of Conflict Management Styles on Affective and Cognitive Trust: Moderating Role of Transformational Leadership. Pakistan Business Review, 17(4), 826–844. e
Monteiro, AP, Soares, AM, & Rua, OL (2019). Linking intangible resources and entrepreneurial orientation to export performance: The mediating effect of dynamic capabilities. Journal of Innovation and Knowledge, 4(3), 179–187.
Mustafa, MJ (2021). Emotional intelligence, organizational justice and work outcomes intelligence. Organization Management Journal, 1541–6518.
Nghiêm-Phú, B., & Nguyễn, TH (2021). University lecturers' use of active teaching methods: a segmentation study concerning trust, empowerment, thinking styles and emotional intelligence. Journal of Asian Business and Economic Studies, 1–17.
Noermijati, N., Sunaryo, S., & Ratri, IK (2019). the Influence of Emotional Intelligence on Employee Performance Mediated By Cooperative Conflict Management Style of Integrating and Compromising. Journal of Management Applications, 17(1), 37–47.
O'Neill, D., De Vries, J., & Comiskey, CM (2021). Leadership and community healthcare reform: a study using the Competing Values Framework (CVF). Leadership in Health Services, 34(4), 485–498.
Ozkalp, E., Sungur, Z., & Ozdemir, AA (2018). Conflict management styles of Turkish managers. The Electronic Library, 34(1), 1–5.
Polychroniou, PV (2009). Relationship between emotional intelligence and transformational leadership of supervisors: The impact on team effectiveness. Team Performance Management, 15(7), 343–356.
Raheja, S., & Dhiman, B. (2020). How do emotional intelligence and behavioral biases of investors determine their investment decisions? Rajagiri Management Journal, 14(1), 35–47.
Rahim, A., & Bonoma, TV (1979). Managing Organizational Conflict: A Model for Diagnosis and Intervention. Psychological Reports, 44(3), 1323–1344.
Rahim, MA (1983). A measure of styles of handling interpersonal conflict. Academy of ManagementJournal. Academy of Management, 26(2), 368–376.
Rahim, M. Afzalur. (2002). Toward a theory of managing organizational conflict. International Journal of Conflict Management, 13(3), 206–235.
Rahim, M. Afzalur, Antonioni, D., & Psenicka, C. (2001). A structural equations model of leader power, subordinates' styles of handling conflict, and job performance. International Journal of Conflict Management, 12(3), 191–211.
Riana, IG, Aristana, IN, Rihayana, IG, Wiagustini, NLP, & Abbas, EW (2020). High-Performance Work System In Moderating Entrepreneurial Leadership, Employee Creativity and Knowledge Sharing. Polish Journal of Management Studies, 21(1), 328–341.
Salovey, P., Mayer, JD, Goldman, SL, Turvey, C., & Palfai, TP (1995). Emotional attention, clarity, and repair: Exploring emotional intelligence using the Trait Meta-Mood Scale. In Pennebake, JW (Ed.), Emotion, Disclosure, and Health, American Psychological Association, Washington, DC, 125–154.
Salovey, Peter, & Mayer, JD (1990). emotional intelligence. Imagination, Cognition and Personality, 9(3), 185–211.
Sambol, S., Suleyman, E., Scarfo, J., & Ball, M. (2022). Distinguishing between the emotional intelligence trait and the five-factor model of personality: additive predictive validity of emotional intelligence for negative emotional states. Heliyon, 8(2), e08882.
Shahhosseini, M., Silong, AD, & Ismaill, IA (2013). Relationship Between Transactional, Transformational Leadership Styles, Emotional Intelligence and Job Performance. Researchers World: Journal of Arts, Science & Commerce, 4(1), 15–22.
Shih, HA, & Susanto, E. (2010). Conflict management styles, emotional intelligence, and job performance in public organizations. International Journal of Conflict Management, 21(2), 147–168.
Suwanto, S., Sunarsi, D., Erlangga, H., Nurjaya, N., & Haryadi, R. N. (2022). Pengaruh Pemberian Reward dan Disiplin Kerja Terhadap Prestasi Kerja yang Berdampak pada Kinerja Karyawan pada PT Surya Pratama Gemilang di Bekasi. JENIUS (Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia), 5(2), 471-484.
Terpstra, J., & Salet, R. (2019). The contested community police officer: An ongoing conflict between different institutional logics. International Journal of Police Science and Management, 21(4), 244–253.
Thamrin, HM (2012). The Influence of Transformational Leadership and Organizational Commitment on Job Satisfaction and Employee Performance. International Journal of Innovation, Management and Technology, 3(5), 566–572.
Thomas, KW (1992). Conflict and Conflict Management: Reflections and Updates. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 13(3), 265–274.
Turesky, EF, Smith, CD, & Turesky, TK (2020). A call to action for virtual team leaders: practitioner perspectives on trust, conflict and the need for organizational support. Organization Management Journal, 17(4–5), 185–206.
Udimal, TB, Jincai, Z., & Gumah, IA (2019). Dynamics in rural entrepreneurship – the role of knowledge acquisition, entrepreneurial orientation, and emotional intelligence in network reliability and performance relationships. Asia Pacific Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 13(2), 247–262.
van Droffelaar, B. (2021). Episodic memories of wilderness experiences foster sustainable leadership style transformation. Journal of Management Development, 40(6), 486–502.
Witt, LA, Burke, LA, Barrick, MR, & Mount, MK (2002). The interactive effects of conscientiousness and agreeableness on job performance. The Journal of Applied Psychology, 87(1), 164–169.
Wu, YC (2011). Job stress and Job performance among employees in the Taiwanese finance sector: The role of emotional intelligence. Social Behavior and Personality, 39(1), 21–31.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Authors who publish in this journal agree to the following terms:
The author owns the copyright of the article and assigns to the journal the right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under the terms Atribusi 4.0 Internasional (CC BY 4.0) which allows others to share the work with acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
Authors may enter into separate additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the published journal version of the work (for example, posting it to an institutional repository or publishing it in a book), with acknowledgment of the work's original publication in this journal.
Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (for example, in institutional repositories or on their websites) before and during the submission process, as this can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and larger citations of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).