Analisis Distorsi Harmonisa Kualitas Daya Listrik Tiga Fasa Panel Distribusi Menggunakan Power Quality Analyzer di Rumah Sakit X

Abstract

Power quality is a crucial element in ensuring the continuity and operational efficiency of power systems, especially in environments that are highly dependent on a stable power supply, such as hospitals. A common problem is harmonic distortion in three-phase systems, and high levels of harmonic distortion can cause power losses, reduced efficiency, overheating, and disruption to the performance of sensitive medical equipment. This study was conducted at Hospital X with the aim of analyzing power quality in three-phase distribution panels using a HIOKI PW-3198 Power Quality Analyzer. The methods used included literature studies, observations, and direct measurements based on international standards such as IEEE 519-2014, IEEE 1159-2019, PUIL 2011, and IEC 61000. The measurement results showed that although the voltage and frequency were within tolerance limits, a very high current THD value of 57.02% was found on average, exceeding the standard threshold. Current imbalance was recorded at 3.80% and voltage imbalance at 0.51%. This condition indicates the dominance of non-linear loads, which have the potential to cause long-term disruptions. The study concluded that corrective actions such as load balancing and the installation of harmonic filters are necessary to improve the efficiency and reliability of the distribution system in the hospital.

Keywords: power quality; Power Quality Analyzer; harmonics; hospital.

Abstrak

Kualitas daya listrik merupakan elemen penting dalam menjamin kontinuitas dan efisiensi operasional sistem tenaga, terlebih di lingkungan yang sangat bergantung pada kestabilan pasokan listrik seperti rumah sakit. Masalah umum yang sering terjadi adalah distorsi harmonik pada sistem tiga fasa dan tingginya distorsi harmonik, yang dapat menyebabkan rugi – rugi daya, penurunan efisiensi, pemanasan berlebih, serta gangguan terhadap kinerja peralatan medis yang sensitif. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Rumah Sakit X dengan tujuan untuk menganalisis kualitas daya listrik pada panel distribusi tiga fasa menggunakan alat ukur Power Quality Analyzer HIOKI PW-3198. Metode yang digunakan meliputi studi literatur, observasi, dan pengukuran langsung berdasarkan standar internasional seperti IEEE 519-2014, IEEE 1159-2019, PUIL 2011, dan IEC 61000. Hasil pengukuran menunjukkan bahwa meskipun tegangan dan frekuensi masih dalam batas toleransi, ditemukan nilai THD arus yang sangat tinggi rata – rata sebesar 57,02%, yang melebihi ambang batas standar. Ketidakseimbangan arus tercatat 3,80% dan tegangan sebesar 0,51%. Kondisi ini mengindikasikan dominasi beban non-linier yang berpotensi menimbulkan gangguan jangka panjang. Penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa diperlukan tindakan korektif seperti penyeimbangan beban dan pemasangan filter harmonik untuk meningkatkan efisiensi serta keandalan sistem distribusi di rumah sakit.

Kata kunci: kualitas daya listrik; Power Quality Analyzer; harmonisa; rumah sakit