Policy on the use of GenAI

Pamulang Law Review acknowledges that Artificial Intelligence (AI) and AI-assisted technologies may provide valuable support in academic research, legal scholarship, and manuscript preparation. At the same time, the Journal is committed to maintaining the highest standards of academic integrity, transparency, accountability, and ethical publishing practices. This policy establishes the principles governing the responsible use of AI technologies in manuscripts submitted for publication and seeks to preserve the reliability and credibility of the scholarly record.

1. Authorship, Responsibility, and Human Oversight

AI Technologies Cannot Be Recognized as Authors

Artificial Intelligence systems, including generative AI applications, large language models, machine-learning tools, and related technologies, cannot be listed as authors or co-authors of a manuscript. Authorship requires intellectual responsibility, accountability for the integrity of the work, and the ability to respond to inquiries concerning the research. Since AI technologies do not possess legal personality, intellectual independence, or ethical responsibility, they do not satisfy internationally accepted authorship criteria.

Authors Retain Full Accountability

Authors remain solely responsible for all content submitted to Pamulang Law Review, regardless of whether AI technologies were used during the preparation of the manuscript. Authors must ensure the accuracy, reliability, originality, and legality of all statements, analyses, citations, references, data, tables, figures, and conclusions contained in the manuscript. Any errors, inaccuracies, or ethical concerns arising from AI-assisted content remain the responsibility of the authors.

Requirement of Human Supervision

The use of AI tools must always be subject to meaningful human oversight. Authors are required to critically evaluate, verify, revise, and approve any AI-generated output before submission. AI-generated material must not be incorporated into a manuscript without appropriate scholarly review and intellectual contribution from the authors.

2. Transparency and Disclosure of AI Use

Obligation to Disclose

Authors who utilize AI or AI-assisted technologies in any stage of manuscript preparation must provide a clear and transparent disclosure. Such disclosure is intended to promote transparency and allow editors, reviewers, and readers to understand the nature and extent of AI involvement in the research and writing process.

Information to Be Disclosed

The disclosure should specify:

  • The name and version of the AI tool used;
  • The provider or developer of the technology;
  • The purpose for which the technology was employed;
  • The extent to which AI contributed to the preparation of the manuscript;
  • Any verification or validation measures undertaken by the authors.

Examples of AI technologies include, but are not limited to, ChatGPT, GPT-based systems, Gemini, Claude, Grammarly, Copilot, Midjourney, DALL·E, and other comparable tools.

Location of Disclosure

Disclosure statements may be included in:

  • The Acknowledgements section;
  • The Methodology section, where AI tools contribute to data processing, coding, analysis, or other research procedures;
  • A separate “Declaration of AI Use” section placed before the References;
  • A footnote on the title page when appropriate.

Example of Disclosure

“The authors utilized ChatGPT (OpenAI) to assist with language refinement and improvement of manuscript readability. All AI-generated content was carefully reviewed, revised, and verified by the authors, who assume full responsibility for the final version of the manuscript.”

For image-generation technologies:

“Figure X was produced with the assistance of Midjourney. The authors designed the prompts, reviewed the generated output, and modified the figure where necessary to ensure its accuracy and relevance to the study.”

3. Acceptable Uses of AI Technologies

Subject to proper disclosure and human verification, AI technologies may be used for the following purposes:

Language Editing and Writing Assistance

AI tools may assist authors in improving grammar, spelling, readability, clarity, and overall language quality without altering the substantive academic content of the manuscript.

Organizational and Drafting Support

Authors may use AI technologies to assist in preparing preliminary outlines, organizing ideas, or generating draft language that is subsequently reviewed, substantially revised, and validated by the authors.

Research Support and Literature Summarization

AI technologies may assist in identifying themes, summarizing published literature, and organizing information. However, authors must independently verify all summaries and ensure that original sources are accurately cited.

Data Analysis and Visualization Assistance

AI tools may be employed to support coding, data organization, statistical analysis, visualization, or similar technical functions, provided that the methodology is transparent, reproducible, and adequately explained in the manuscript.

Idea Development and Brainstorming

Authors may utilize AI technologies as a supplementary tool for generating research ideas, conceptual frameworks, or structural suggestions. Such use does not diminish the requirement that the intellectual contribution and scholarly arguments originate from the authors.

4. Unacceptable Uses of AI Technologies

The following uses of AI technologies are strictly prohibited:

Fabrication or Falsification

Authors must not use AI to generate fabricated data, fictitious research findings, manipulated results, or non-existent sources and references.

Plagiarism and Misappropriation

AI-generated content may not be presented as original scholarly work without appropriate review, attribution, and verification. Authors remain responsible for ensuring compliance with plagiarism standards and intellectual property rights.

Replacement of Scholarly Judgment

AI technologies must not substitute for the authors’ intellectual contribution, legal reasoning, critical analysis, interpretation of findings, or development of original arguments and conclusions.

Misrepresentation of Research

The use of AI to create misleading descriptions of methodology, results, legal analysis, evidence, or conclusions constitutes research misconduct and will not be tolerated.

Breach of Confidentiality

Editors and reviewers must not upload confidential manuscripts, reviewer reports, or unpublished research materials into publicly accessible AI platforms. Such conduct may compromise confidentiality obligations, copyright protections, and the integrity of the peer-review process.

5. Editorial Actions and Consequences of Non-Compliance

Failure to comply with this policy may constitute a violation of publication ethics. Where misuse of AI technologies is identified, Pamulang Law Review reserves the right to take appropriate editorial action, including:

  • Rejection of the manuscript during editorial screening or peer review;
  • Withdrawal of an accepted manuscript;
  • Retraction of a published article;
  • Suspension or prohibition of future submissions by the author(s);
  • Notification of the relevant institution, funding body, or professional organization when necessary.

6. Policy Review and Future Developments

Given the rapid evolution of Artificial Intelligence technologies, Pamulang Law Review will periodically review and update this policy to ensure consistency with international publication standards, ethical guidelines, and best practices in scholarly publishing. Authors, reviewers, and editors are expected to comply with the most current version of this policy at the time of manuscript submission, review, and publication.