PENGARUH WORK-LIFE BALANCE TERHADAP KEPUASAN KERJA DAN RETENSI KARYAWAN: SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW
Keywords:
work-life balance, kepuasan kerja, retensi karyawanAbstract
Perubahan pola kerja, intensifikasi beban kerja, dan meluasnya kerja fleksibel telah menjadikan
work-life balance sebagai isu strategis dalam pengelolaan sumber daya manusia. Penelitian ini
bertujuan menyintesis bukti mengenai pengaruh work-life balance terhadap kepuasan kerja dan
retensi karyawan, serta mengidentifikasi mekanisme dan kondisi yang menjelaskan hubungan
tersebut. Penelitian menggunakan systematic literature review dengan alur pelaporan PRISMA
2020. Penelusuran terstruktur melalui mesin pencari akademik, metadata bibliografis, dan laman
penerbit menghasilkan 41 artikel kandidat; setelah penghapusan duplikasi dan penilaian kelayakan,
25 artikel terbitan 2007-2024 dianalisis melalui sintesis tematik. Hasil kajian menunjukkan pola
yang konsisten bahwa work-life balance meningkatkan kepuasan kerja melalui pemenuhan
kebutuhan otonomi, pemulihan energi, persepsi dukungan organisasi, dan berkurangnya konflik
antarperan. Kepuasan kerja selanjutnya menjadi mekanisme penting yang meningkatkan intention
to stay dan menurunkan turnover intention. Namun, pengaruh work-life balance terhadap retensi
tidak selalu bersifat langsung. Efektivitasnya dipengaruhi oleh dukungan atasan, keadilan akses
terhadap fleksibilitas, karakteristik pekerjaan, tanggung jawab pengasuhan, budaya, serta
kemampuan karyawan menetapkan batas digital. Kerja jarak jauh yang tidak disertai pengendalian
beban kerja dapat memperpanjang jam kerja dan justru memperburuk keseimbangan. Penelitian ini
menghasilkan kerangka integratif yang menempatkan kepuasan kerja sebagai mediator utama dan
dukungan organisasi serta desain fleksibilitas sebagai kondisi pembatas. Implikasi praktis
menekankan perlunya kebijakan fleksibel yang berbasis pilihan, keadilan, hasil kerja, hak untuk
terputus dari komunikasi kerja, dan kompetensi manajerial.
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