Tantangan Perlindungan Hak Anak dari Cyberbullying dan Eksploitasi di Era Digital : Tinjauan Literatur Sistematis
Keywords:
cyberbullying, eksploitasi, digital, hak anak, perlindunganAbstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji tantangan perlindungan hak anak dari cyberbullying dan eksploitasi di era digital. Metode penelitian yang digunakan menggunakan systematic literature review (SLR) dengan pendekatan blibliometrik. Data yang digunakan berupa artikel hasil pencarian dari Scopus dengan menggunakan 5 kata kunci dengan bantuan protokol PRISMA. Sumber artikel yaitu 6 tahun terakhir (2020 – 2025) dengan jumlah 42 artikel yang dianalisis. Hasil dari telaah literatur menjelaskan (1) cyberbullying dan eksploitasi anak secara daring merupakan ancaman serius terhadap pemenuhan hak anak di era digital, khususnya hak atas rasa aman, martabat, dan kesejahteraan psikologis dengan dampak jangka pendek dan jangka panjang terhadap kesehatan mental anak; (2) Kerentanan anak terhadap cyberbullying dan eksploitasi dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor, seperti rendahnya literasi digital, lemahnya pengawasan orang tua, tingginya intensitas penggunaan gawai, serta kondisi sosial dan psikologis anak; (3) adanya kesenjangan konseptual dan metodologis terkait cyberbullying dan eksploitasi online yang dikaji secara terpisah, serta kebijakan perlindungan anak yang cenderung reaktif dan belum terintegrasi secara komprehensif.
References
Afrianto, I. (2023). Combatting Cyberbullying and Promoting Adolescent Mental Health : A Focus on Evidence Based Interventions. Journal of Health Literacy and Qualitative Research, 1, 10–21. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.61194/jhlqr.v3i1.539
Ali, S., Abou, H., Enaam, H., & Mohammed, Y. (2021). Child Sexual Abuse and the Internet — A Systematic Review. Human Arenas, 0123456789. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42087-021-00228-9
Babu, J., Justin, P. J., & Joseph, J. (2025). Exploring the impact of cyberbullying on mental health through social media : A visualization and trend analysis Exploración del impacto del ciberacoso en la salud mental a través de las redes sociales : Visualización y análisis de tendencias. https://doi.org/10.56294/sctconf20251577
Baines, V., & Baines, V. (2019). Online child sexual exploitation : towards an optimal international response international response. Journal of Cyber Policy, 0(0), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/23738871.2019.1635178
Bansal, S., Garg, N., Singh, J., & Walt, F. Van Der. (2022). Cyberbullying and mental health : past , present and future.
Cerbara, A. T. G. C. I. B. D. D. R. L. (2023). Children ’ s Online Safety : Predictive Factors of Cyberbullying and Online Grooming Involvement. Societies. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/ 10.3390/soc13020047
Finkelhor, D., Turner, H., Colburn, D., Mitchell, K., & Mathews, B. (2023). Child Abuse & Neglect Child sexual abuse images and youth produced images : The varieties of Image-based Sexual Exploitation and Abuse of Children. Child Abuse & Neglect, 143(June), 106269. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106269
Items, P. R., & Prisma, T. (2021). Prisma 2020. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 134, A5–A6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinepi.2021.04.008
Jang, Y., & Ko, B. (2023). Online Safety for Children and Youth under the 4Cs Framework — A Focus on Digital Policies in Australia ,.
John, A., Glendenning, A. C., Marchant, A., Montgomery, P., Stewart, A., Wood, S., Lloyd, K., Hawton, K., & John, A. (2018). Self-Harm , Suicidal Behaviours , and Cyberbullying in Children and Young People : Systematic Review Corresponding Author : 20. https://doi.org/10.2196/jmir.9044
Kavenagh, M., Hua, N., & Wekerle, C. (2023). Child Abuse & Neglect Sexual exploitation of children : Barriers for boys in accessing social supports for victimization. Child Abuse & Neglect, 142(P2), 106129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106129
Liu, T., Cheng, Y., Luo, Y., Wang, Z., Pang, P. C., & Xia, Y. (2024). The Impact of Social Media on Children ’ s Mental Health : A Systematic Scoping Review.
Livingstone, S., & Sylwander, K. R. (2025). There is no right age ! The search for age- appropriate ways to support children ’ s digital lives and rights. Journal of Children and Media, 19(1), 6–12. https://doi.org/10.1080/17482798.2024.2435015
Marpatmawati, I., Yuningsih, A., Rismawan, W., & Hidayat, N. M. (n.d.). Literature Review : Cyberbullying in Addolescence. 3(2), 51–62.
Moral-garcía, J. E., Rusillo-magdaleno, A., Patiño-villada, F. A., & Martínez-lópez, E. J. (2025). Bullying and Cyberbullying Are Associated with Inappropriate Use of the Internet , Cell Phones , and Video Games in Children and Adolescents. 1–17.
Nagata, J. M., Shim, J., Balasubramanian, P., Leong, A. W., Smith-russack, Z., Shao, I. Y., Al-shoaibi, A. A. A., Helmer, C. K., Ganson, K. T.,
Testa, A., Kiss, O., He, J., Groves, A. K., & Baird, S. (2025). Articles Cyberbullying , mental health , and substance use experimentation among early adolescents : a prospective cohort study. The Lancet Regional Health - Americas, 46(May), 101002. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lana.2025.101002
Oguine, O. C., Anuyah, O., Agha, Z., Melgarez, I., Garcia, A. A., & Badillo-urquiola, K. (2025). Online Safety for All : Sociocultural Insights from a Systematic Review of Youth Online Safety in the Global South. 1(1), 1–30.
Patchin, J. W., Ph, D., Hinduja, S., & Ph, D. (2020). It is Time to Teach Safe Sexting. Journal of Adolescent Health, 66(2), 140–143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2019.10.010
Peprah, P., Oduro, M. S., Osei, G. A., Addo, I. Y., Morgan, A. K., & Gyasi, R. M. (2024). Problematic social media use mediates the effect of cyberbullying victimisation on psychosomatic complaints in adolescents. Scientific Reports, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-59509-2
Sitihastuti, S. (2024). Jurnal Cakrawala Hukum The Urgency of Legal Protection for Victims of Cyberbullying in Indonesia. 1(1), 61–68. https://doi.org/10.26905/idjch.v
van Dinter, R., Tekinerdogan, B., & Catal, C. (2021). Automation of systematic literature reviews: A systematic literature review. Information and Software Technology, 136(October 2020), 106589. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infsof.2021.106589
Whittle, H., Hamilton-giachritsis, C., Beech, A., & Collings, G. (2013). Aggression and Violent Behavior A review of online grooming : Characteristics and concerns. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 18(1), 62–70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2012.09.003
