Peran Keterikatan Kerja Sebagai Penghubung Antara Sumber Daya Kerja Dan Kinerja Karyawan: Systematic Literature Review
Keywords:
sumber daya kerja, keterikatan kerja, kinerja karyawan, JD-R, systematic literature reviewAbstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan menyintesis bukti ilmiah mengenai peran keterikatan kerja sebagai
mekanisme yang menghubungkan sumber daya kerja dengan kinerja karyawan. Kajian
menggunakan systematic literature review dengan alur pelaporan PRISMA 2020. Penelusuran
terstruktur dilakukan terhadap publikasi yang membahas job resources, work engagement, dan
employee performance, kemudian dilengkapi dengan penelusuran sitasi maju dan mundur. Dari 46
rekaman kandidat, 25 publikasi inti memenuhi kriteria dan dianalisis melalui sintesis tematik. Hasil
kajian menunjukkan bahwa otonomi, dukungan sosial, umpan balik kinerja, kesempatan
berkembang, coaching, dan kejelasan peran merupakan sumber daya kerja yang paling konsisten
meningkatkan vigor, dedication, dan absorption. Keterikatan kerja selanjutnya mendorong kinerja
tugas melalui peningkatan energi dan persistensi, kinerja kontekstual melalui kemauan
berkontribusi melampaui kewajiban formal, serta perilaku proaktif dan inovatif melalui perluasan
perhatian dan inisiatif. Hubungan tersebut tidak bersifat otomatis. Tuntutan kerja yang berlebihan,
kepemimpinan yang lemah, desain kerja hybrid yang mengaburkan batas, dan ketidakadilan akses
sumber daya dapat memperlemah efek motivasional. Sebaliknya, sumber daya personal dan iklim
organisasi yang mendukung memperkuatnya. Kajian ini menghasilkan model integratif yang
menempatkan keterikatan kerja sebagai mediator utama, tetapi tetap mengakui kemungkinan
pengaruh langsung sumber daya kerja terhadap kinerja. Implikasi praktis menekankan pentingnya
audit sumber daya kerja, penguatan kualitas manajer lini, umpan balik yang bermakna, otonomi
terarah, dan sistem pengembangan yang adil.
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